Infection of juvenile falcons (Falco spp.) with intestinal Lawsonia intracellularis.

Intestinal infection of many host species with Lawsonia intracellularis are widely reported. Analyses of infections among carnivorous falcons have not previously been reported. Fifty juvenile captive falcons (Falco spp.

Lung injury caused by aspiration of organophosphorus insecticide and gastric contents in pigs.

Introduction: Patients who require mechanical ventilation after self-poisoning with ingested organophosphorus (OP) insecticides often die. Aspiration of stomach contents may contribute to lung injury and lethality. This study was designed to assess the severity of direct and indirect pulmonary injury created by pulmonary instillation of mixtures of OP insecticide, solvent (Solv) and porcine gastric juice (GJ) compared to controls.

Review of methods for the detection of infection in pigs.

is an obligate intracellular bacterium associated with enteric disease in pigs. Clinical signs include weight loss, diarrhea, and, in some cases, sudden death. The hallmark lesion is the thickening of the intestinal mucosa caused by increased epithelial cell replication, known as proliferative enteropathy.

Development of a histopathology scoring system for the pulmonary complications of organophosphorus insecticide poisoning in a pig model.

Organophosphorus (OP) insecticide self-poisoning causes over 100,000 global deaths annually. Around a third of patients are intubated and up to half of these can die. Post-mortem analysis of OP poisoned patients' lungs reveals consolidation, edema and hemorrhage, suggesting that direct or indirect lung damage may contribute to mortality.

Neutrophilia is associated with a poorer clinical outcome in dogs with chronic hepatitis.

Background: Liver disease is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs. Currently, it is challenging to prognosticate in these cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of the haematological variables in dogs with chronic hepatitis.

Public health significance of Campylobacter spp. colonisation of wild game pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in Scotland.

Campylobacter is the most common cause of bacterial food-borne diarrhoeal disease worldwide. Chicken meat is considered the main source of human infection; however, C. jejuni and C.

Lawsonia intracellularis exploits β-catenin/Wnt and Notch signalling pathways during infection of intestinal crypt to alter cell homeostasis and promote cell proliferation.

Lawsonia intracellularis is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes proliferative enteropathy (PE) in pigs. L. intracellularis infection causes extensive intestinal crypt cell proliferation and inhibits secretory and absorptive cell differentiation.

Lawsonia intracellularis infection of intestinal crypt cells is associated with specific depletion of secreted MUC2 in goblet cells.

The expression patterns of secreted (MUC2 and MUC5AC) and membrane-tethered (MUC1, MUC4, MUC12 and MUC13) mucins were monitored in healthy pigs and pigs challenged orally with Lawsonia intracellularis. These results showed that the regulation of mucin gene expression is distinctive along the GI tract of the healthy pig, and may reflect an association between the function of the mucin subtypes and different physiological demands at various sites. We identified a specific depletion of secreted MUC2 from goblet cells in infected pigs that correlated with the increased level of intracellular bacteria in crypt cells.

Cytokine expression in the placenta of pregnant cattle after inoculation with Neospora caninum.

Neospora caninum is recognized as a major cause of reproductive losses worldwide but its pathogenesis is not completely understood. Immune mediated placental pathology has been reported as being responsible for compromising pregnancy probably due to the adverse effects of exacerbated Th1 type response at the maternal-foetal interface. Different clinical outcomes are known to occur following experimental infections of cattle at different stages of gestation, with foetal death being the most common finding during early gestation, and the birth of live congenitally infected calves following infection later in gestation.

Chronic pleuropulmonary fibrosis and elastosis of aged donkeys: similarities to human pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis.

Background: Donkey pulmonary fibrosis (DPF) is a spontaneous syndrome of aged donkeys with a high prevalence (35%). No previous detailed characterization of DPF has been performed. We sought to determine the similarities between DPF and recognized patterns of human pulmonary fibrosis.

Down-regulation of mechanisms involved in cell transport and maintenance of mucosal integrity in pigs infected with Lawsonia intracellularis.

Lawsonia intracellularis is an obligate intracellular bacterium, responsible for the disease complex known as proliferative enteropathy (PE). L. intracellularis is associated with intestinal crypt epithelial cell proliferation but the mechanisms responsible are yet to be defined.

Inflammatory infiltration into placentas of Neospora caninum challenged cattle correlates with clinical outcome of pregnancy.

Infection with Neospora caninum stimulates host cell-mediated immune responses, which may be responsible for placental damage leading to bovine abortion. The aim of this study was to compare immune responses in the bovine placenta, following experimental infection in different stages of pregnancy. Placentomes were examined by immunohistochemistry and inflammation in early gestation was generally moderate to severe, particularly in the placentas carrying non-viable foetuses, whereas it was milder in later stages, mainly characterised by the presence of CD3+, CD4+ and γδ T-cells.

Histological and molecular characterisation of feline humeral condylar osteoarthritis.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a clinically important and common disease of older cats. The pathological changes and molecular mechanisms which underpin the disease have yet to be described. In this study we evaluated selected histological and transcriptomic measures in the articular cartilage and subchondral bone (SCB) of the humeral condyle of cats with or without OA.

Myeloperoxidase-positive acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in a dog.

A 16-month-old female spayed Labrador Retriever was referred to the University of Edinburgh for exercise intolerance, inappetence, and severe anemia. A CBC showed severe nonregenerative anemia and moderate numbers of atypical cells with morphologic features most consistent with megakaryoblastic origin. Similar cells were identified in a bone marrow aspirate and accounted for 23% of all nucleated cells.

A comparison of radiographic, arthroscopic and histological measures of articular pathology in the canine elbow joint.

Validation of radiographic and arthroscopic scoring of joint pathology requires their comparison with histological measures of disease from the same joint. Fragmentation of the medial coronoid process (FMCP) is a naturally occurring disease of the canine elbow joint that results in osteoarthritis, and the objectives of this study were to compare the severity of histopathological changes in the medial coronoid process (MCP) and medial articular synovial membrane with gross radiographic scoring of elbow joint osteophytosis and the arthroscopic assessment of the MCP articular cartilage surface. Radiographic scoring of osteophytosis and the arthroscopic scoring of visual cartilage pathology of the MCP correlated moderately well with the histopathological evaluation of cartilage damage on the MCP and synovial inflammation in the medial part of the joint, but not with bone pathology in the MCP.

Future directions in training veterinarians for careers in toxicological pathology in the United Kingdom.

There is currently a global shortage of veterinary pathologists in all sectors of the discipline, and recruitment of toxicological pathologists is a particular problem for the pharmaceutical industry. Efforts to encourage veterinarians to consider alternative career paths to general practice must start at the undergraduate level, with provision of structured career guidance and strong role models from pathology and research disciplines. It is also imperative that both the importance of biomedical research and the role of animal models be clearly understood by both university staff and undergraduates.

Tumors affecting the spinal cord of cats: 85 cases (1980-2005).

Objective: To determine the prevalence of lymphosarcoma and other tumors affecting the spinal cord of cats and to relate specific types of tumors with signalment, history, and clinical findings.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 85 cats with tumors affecting the spinal cord.

In vitro effects of hydrochloric acid and various concentrations of acetic, propionic, butyric, or valeric acids on bioelectric properties of equine gastric squamous mucosa.

Objective: To compare the effects of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and various concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) on tissue bioelectric properties of equine stomach nonglandular (NG) mucosa.

Sample Population: Gastric tissues obtained from 48 adult horses.

Procedures: NG gastric mucosa was studied by use of Ussing chambers.

Congestive heart failure associated with a large transverse left ventricular moderator band in a cat.

Cardiomyopathy associated with abnormal trabecular bands of tissue traversing one or both ventricles is reported rarely in cats. The case of a 9-year-old cat which presented in congestive heart failure is reported. Multiple cardiac abnormalities were found, including a large trabecular tissue bridge which bisected the left ventricle.