Current status of serum metabolites biomarkers for polyps and colorectal cancer: a systematic review.

Background: Early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is crucial to enhance the disease treatment and prognosis of patients. Colonoscopy remains the gold standard for CRC detection; however, it requires trained personnel with expensive tools. Currently, serum metabolites have been discovered to be used to discriminate patients with polyps and CRC.

Diagnostic performance of serum metabolites biomarker associated with colorectal adenoma: a systematic review.

Evidence on serum biomarkers as a non-invasive tool to detect colorectal adenoma (CRA) in the general population is quite promising. However, the sensitivity and specificity of these serum biomarkers in detecting disease are still questionable. This study aimed to systematically review the evidence on the diagnostic performance of serum biomarkers associated with CRA.

Body fat distribution and bone mineral density in a multi-ethnic sample of postmenopausal women in The Malaysian Cohort.

Unlabelled: In this study of postmenopausal women in Malaysia, total adiposity was inversely associated with total BMD, while regional associations varied. No differences were detected across Malay, Chinese, and Indian ethnicities. Low BMD contributes substantially to morbidity and mortality, and increasing adiposity levels globally may be contributing to this.

The potential roles of lncRNA TINCR in triple negative breast cancer.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive intrinsic breast cancer subtype characterized by the lack of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and low levels of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). The complex nature of TNBC has resulted in little therapeutic progress for the past several decades. The standard of care remains the FEC cocktail (5-fluorouracil (5-FU), epirubicin and cyclophosphamide).

Parvimonas micra infection enhances proliferation, wound healing, and inflammation of a colorectal cancer cell line.

The gut microbiota Parvimonas micra has been found to be enriched in gut mucosal tissues and fecal samples of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients compared with non-CRC controls. In the present study, we investigated the tumorigenic potential of P. micra and its regulatory pathways in CRC using HT-29, a low-grade CRC intestinal epithelial cell.

Involvement of Gut Microbiota in SLE and Lupus Nephritis.

Lupus nephritis is a severe manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is caused by immune dysregulation and kidney inflammation. In recent findings, gut microbiota potentially acts as primary mediators to enhance immune complex deposition, complement activation, and macrophage infiltration, and led to renal inflammation.

Cardiovascular complications in a diabetes prediction model using machine learning: a systematic review.

Prediction model has been the focus of studies since the last century in the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases. With the advancement in computational technology, machine learning (ML) has become the widely used tool to develop a prediction model. This review is to investigate the current development of prediction model for the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients using machine learning.

The Link between Food Environment and Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Food and diet are critical risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). Food environments (FEs) can contribute to disease risk, including CRC. This review investigated the link between FEs and CRC incidence and mortality risk.

Phthalates in children toys available in Malaysian market: Quantification and potential human health risk.

In Malaysia, inexpensive toys are sold in various urban and rural shops. Although safety regulations for toys are available in Malaysia there are limited reports about the chemicals in toys. Thus, this study aimed to assess the levels of phthalates (bis-[2-ethylhexyl] phthalate [DEHP], diethyl phthalate [DEP], diisobutyl phthalate [DiBP] and dibutyl phthalate [DBP]) in inexpensive toys sold at local markets in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) and its health risks to children.

Pathogens and Carcinogenesis: A Review.

Cancer is a global health problem associated with genetics and unhealthy lifestyles. Increasingly, pathogenic infections have also been identified as contributors to human cancer initiation and progression. Most pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) associated with human cancers are categorized as Group I human carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC.

Is targeting autophagy mechanism in cancer a good approach? The possible double-edge sword effect.

Autophagy is a conserved cellular process required to maintain homeostasis. The hallmark of autophagy is the formation of a phagophore that engulfs cytosolic materials for degradation and recycling to synthesize essential components. Basal autophagy is constitutively active under normal conditions and it could be further induced by physiological stimuli such as hypoxia, nutrient starvation, endoplasmic reticulum stress,energy depletion, hormonal stimulation and pharmacological treatment.

Parvimonas micra, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Akkermansia muciniphila as a four-bacteria biomarker panel of colorectal cancer.

Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome has been associated with the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). We profiled the microbiome of gut mucosal tissues from 18 CRC patients and 18 non-CRC controls of the UKM Medical Centre (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The results were then validated using a species-specific quantitative PCR in 40 CRC and 20 non-CRC tissues samples from the UMBI-UKMMC Biobank.

Delineating colorectal cancer distribution, interaction, and risk prediction by environmental risk factors and serum trace elements.

The burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing worldwide especially in developing countries. This phenomenon may be attributable to lifestyle, dietary and environmental risk factors. We aimed to determine the level of 25 trace elements, their interaction with environmental risk factors, and subsequently develop a risk prediction model for CRC (RPM CRC).

Simultaneous analysis of 25 trace elements in micro volume of human serum by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Introduction: In recent years, trace elements have gained importance as biomarkers in many chronic diseases. Unfortunately, the requirement for sample volume increases with the extent of investigation either for diagnosis or elucidating the mechanism of the disease. Here, we describe the method development and validation for simultaneous determination of 25 trace elements (lithium [Li], beryllium [Be], magnesium [Mg], aluminium [Al], vanadium [V], chromium [Cr], manganese [Mn], iron [Fe], cobalt [Co], nickel [Ni], copper [Cu], zinc [Zn], gallium [Ga], arsenic [As], selenium [Se], rubidium [Rb], strontium [Sr], silver [Ag], cadmium [Cd], caesium [Cs], barium [Ba], mercury [Hg], thallium [Tl], lead [Pb], uranium [U]) using only 20 μL of human serum.

Tissue and Serum Trace Elements Concentration among Colorectal Patients: A Systematic Review of Case-Control Studies.

Background: Trace elements play a pivotal role in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) inhibition and development process. This systematic review provides the basic comparison of case-control studies focusing on concentration of trace elements between those with CRC and controls.

Methods: The systematic review searched through two databases of Medline and Cochrane up to 24 June 2017.

Analyzing the Secretome of Gut Microbiota as the Next Strategy For Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer.

Dysbiosis of gut microbiome can contribute to inflammation, and subsequently initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Throughout these stages, various proteins and metabolites are secreted to the external environment by microorganisms or the hosts themselves. Studying these proteins may help enhance our understanding of the host-microorganism relationship or they may even serve as useful biomarkers for CRC.

Identification of in the guts of healthy individuals and patients with colorectal cancer: preliminary evidence from a gut microbiome secretome study.

Over the years, genetic profiling of the gut microbiome of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) using genome sequencing has suggested over-representation of several bacterial taxa. However, little is known about the protein or metabolite secretions from the microbiota that could lead to CRC pathology. Proteomic studies on the role of microbial secretome in CRC are relatively rare.

Probing the colorectal cancer proteome for biomarkers: Current status and perspectives.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Biomarkers that can facilitate better clinical management of CRC are in high demand to improve patient outcome and to reduce mortality. In this regard, proteomic analysis holds a promising prospect in the hunt of novel biomarkers for CRC and in understanding the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis.

Simultaneous determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in human serum by ultra performance liquid chromatography: An economical and validated method with bovine serum albumin.

A simple and economical method has been developed for simultaneous determination of human serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). Non-human matrix of 4% BSA was used to construct the calibration curve and in quality control samples' preparation to avoid interference of the endogenous 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) present in the human serum. 25OHD, 25OHD and dodecanophenone (internal standard, IS) were separated on a CORTECS solid-core particle column and monitored by photodiode array detector at wavelength of 265 nm within five min run time.

16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Deciphering the Colorectal Cancer Gut Microbiome: Current Protocols and Workflows.

The human gut holds the densest microbiome ecosystem essential in maintaining a healthy host physiology, whereby disruption of this ecosystem has been linked to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies such as the 16S rRNA gene sequencing has enabled characterization of the CRC gut microbiome architecture in an affordable and culture-free approach. Nevertheless, the lack of standardization in handling and storage of biospecimens, nucleic acid extraction, 16S rRNA gene primer selection, length, and depth of sequencing and bioinformatics analyses have contributed to discrepancies found in various published studies of this field.

Metaproteomic analysis of human gut microbiota: where are we heading?

The human gut is home to complex microbial populations that change dynamically in response to various internal and external stimuli. The gut microbiota provides numerous functional benefits that are crucial for human health but in the setting of a disturbed equilibrium, the microbial community can cause deleterious outcomes such as diseases and cancers. Characterization of the functional activities of human gut microbiota is fundamental to understand their roles in human health and disease.

Activated ADI pathway: the initiator of intermediate vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus.

Comparative proteomic profiling between 2 vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) strains, Mu50Ω-vraSm and Mu50Ω-vraSm-graRm, and vancomycin-susceptible S. aureus (VSSA) strain Mu50Ω revealed upregulated levels of catabolic ornithine carbamoyltransferase (ArcB) of the arginine catabolism pathway in VISA strains. Subsequent analyses showed that the VISA strains have higher levels of cellular ATP and ammonia, which are by-products of arginine catabolism, and displayed thicker cell walls.