Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and the Development of Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: A 5-Year Systematic Review.

Introduction: According to the Institute of Environmental Sciences, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are "natural or human-made chemicals that may mimic, block, or interfere with the body's hormones, associated with a wide array of health issues", mainly in the endocrine system. Recent studies have discussed the potential contribution of EDCs as risk factors leading to diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM), through various cellular and molecular pathways.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the EDCs and the development of T1DM.

Role of Memantine in Limiting Cochleotoxicity in Rats.

Οur aim was to test whether amikacin's well-known cochleotoxic effects could be suppressed, depending on whether an NMDA-antagonist (memantine) was administered simultaneously with or after amikacin treatment. Forty Wistar rats were used in this experiment. Ten rats acted as controls and received no medication (group A).

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Correlation in the Development of Pancreatic Cancer: A 10-Year Systematic Review.

Purpose: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a fatal malignancy with an aggressive course derived from the cells of pancreatic tissue. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a state of spontaneous hyperglycemia occurring during gestation and has been suggested as a risk factor PC. Women with a history of GDM revealed a risk rate of 7.

The role of IL-19, IL-24, IL-21 and IL-33 in intestinal mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease: A narrative review.

Interleukins are potential therapeutic targets that can alter the prognosis and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The roles of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-23 have been extensively studied, setting the stage for the development of novel treatments for patients with IBD. Other cytokines have been less extensively studied.

Salicylate- and Noise-induced Tinnitus. Different Mechanisms Producing the same Result? An Experimental Model.

Purpose: Tinnitus, the generation of phantom sounds, can be the result of noise exposure, however, understanding of its underlying mechanisms is limited. Purpose of the study was is to determine whether different concentrations of salicylate can cause tinnitus of different intensity.

Methods: For the purposes of this study 50 male Wistar rats were used.

Expression of IL-21 and IL-33 in Intestinal Mucosa of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Immunohistochemical Study.

Interleukins are considered to be potential therapeutic targets that can alter the prognosis and disease progression of IBD. IL-21 has proven to be involved in effector Th1, Th2 and Th17 responses. Similarly, IL-33, a newly identified cytokine, has been shown to control the Th1 effector response and the action of the colonic Tregs in animal models of colitis and patients with IBD.

Clinical Outcome, Socioeconomic Status and Psychological Constrains of Patients Undergoing Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) in Northern Greece.

: Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) offers patients the possibility of having a healthy baby free of chromosomal or genetic disorders. The present study focuses on the application of PGT for patients located in Northern Greece, investigating their clinical outcomes, their motives, and their overall physical and emotional experience during the treatment, in association with their socioeconomic background. : Couples who underwent PGT for a monogenic condition (PGT-M, = 19 cycles) or aneuploidy (PGT-A, = 22 cycles) participated in the study.

The Effects of Intravitreal Administration of Antifungal Drugs on the Structure and Mechanical Properties Peripheral Blood Erythrocyte Surface in Rabbits.

Background: Fungal infections can pose great threat to sight. Immediate treatment is usually required; antifungal agents are widely accepted and are effective in most cases. The present experimental study aims to investigate the probable effects of intravitreal injection of antifungal agents on the structure and mechanical properties of the surface of peripheral blood erythrocytes.

Management of Harlequin Ichthyosis: A Brief Review of the Recent Literature.

Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) is a life-threatening genetic disorder that largely affects the skin of infants. HI is the most severe form of the autosomal recessive disorder known as ichthyosis. It is caused by mutations in the cassette (lipid-transporter adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette ).

Renal Injuries after Cardiac Arrest: A Morphological Ultrastructural Study.

Background: This study aims to investigate the probable lesions and injuries induced in the renal tissue after a cardiac arrest. The renal ischemia-reperfusion model in cardiac arrest describes the effects of ischemia in the kidneys, alongside a whole-body ischemia-reperfusion injury. This protocol excludes ischemic conditions caused by surgical vascular manipulation, venous injury or venous congestion.

The human embryo following biopsy on day 5 versus day 3: viability, ultrastructure and spindle/chromosome configurations.

Research Question: Are there any differences in viability, spindle abnormalities and mitochondrial and other organelle structures amongst embryos biopsied on day 3 versus day 5 before and after vitrification?

Design: A total of 240 day 3 biopsied embryos that developed to blastocysts but were rejected for transfer following preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic/single gene defects (PGT-M) (n = 115) or for aneuploidies (PGT-A) (n = 125) were divided into two groups: (i) 120 blastocysts treated for viability, spindle/chromosome configuration (SCC) analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis (fresh n = 20, n = 20, n = 20 and following vitrification/warming n = 20, n = 20, n = 20); (ii) 120 embryos were re-biopsied at the blastocyst stage and treated for viability, SCC and TEM analysis (fresh n = 20, n = 20, n = 20 and following vitrification/warming n = 20, n = 20, n = 20). Also, 60 vitrified blastocysts biopsied only on day 5 that were rejected for transfer following PGT-M (n = 6) or PGT-A (n = 54) were treated following warming for viability (n = 20), SCC (n = 20) and TEM analysis (n = 20).

Results: No differences were observed in SCC and ultrastructure between embryos biopsied on day 5 and day 3 but following vitrification higher numbers of abnormal spindles, distension of mitochondria, multivesicular bodies, lipofuscin droplets, altered cell junctions and occasionally excessive accumulation of glycogen granules were evident.

Histological study of eyelid hidrocystoma: A clinical case.

Hidrocystomas are benign lesions with frequent localization on the eyelids and common appearance as isolated translucent cystic lesions. The multiple and bilateral localization has been associated with systemic diseases or epidermodysplasia. The histological and ultrastructural study contributes to the distinction in eccrine or apocrine.

Immunohistochemical Evaluation of CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD20 in Decidual and Trophoblastic Tissue Specimens of Patients with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss.

Recurrent miscarriages affect up to 5% of couples. CD3 (T-lymphocytes), CD4 (helper T-lymphocytes), CD8 (cytotoxic T-lymphocytes), and CD20 (B-lymphocytes) cells may participate in the pathophysiology of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). The aim of this study was to investigate the complicity of these molecules in RPL.

Effects of Different Drug Therapies and COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination on Semen Quality in a Man with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Case Report.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a condition that affects 0.1% to 0.5% of the adult population.

Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome Is Not Associated With an Early Bacterial Translocation.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate bacterial translocation and its possible role in the development of post-resuscitation inflammatory response following Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) after cardiac arrest.

Methods: Munich female swine were employed for a model of cardiac arrest via application of electrical current. After 7 min, CPR was initiated, and animals were either successfully return to spontaneous circulation (ROSC) within 40 min or not (no-ROSC).

Viability assessment using fluorescent markers and ultrastructure of human biopsied embryos vitrified in open and closed systems.

Research Question: Are there any differences in viability and ultrastructure amongst embryos biopsied on Day 5 versus Day 3 following vitrification in open and closed systems and compared to fresh embryos?

Design: One hundred human embryos (40 blastocysts biopsied on Day 5 and subsequently vitrified in open or closed systems and 60 Day 3 biopsied embryos that developed to blastocysts but were rejected for transfer following preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic/single gene defects and for aneuploidies were either treated fresh [n = 20] or vitrified [n = 40] in open or closed systems) and following warming and culture for 4 h were subjected to viability staining with carboxyfluorescein-diacetate succinimidylester/propidium iodide or processed for transmission electron microscopy.

Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in the viability of human biopsied embryos following vitrification in open and closed systems. Compared to fresh embryos, vitrified ones had a higher incidence of damage (propidium iodide-stained cells) irrespective of the vitrification method (P = 0.

Diagnosis and Staging of Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Is Classical Ultrasound the Answer?

The increased prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) requires special attention in pediatric patients, as it manifests in them in a more severe and progressive way compared to adults. The implementation of the appropriate therapeutic interventions is determinant of the attempts to treat it. For that purpose, early diagnosis and staging of the disease is essential.

Toxic Environmental Factors and their Association with the Development of Dementia: a Mini Review on Heavy Metals and Ambient Particulate Matter.

Introduction: More and more studies are trying to establish a connection between dementia and environmental pollution. Dementia, most commonly associated with Alzheimer's disease, is a chronic, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder that is directly associated to aging. Although the etiology of the disease is not fully understood, it is recognized as a multifactorial one.

The adaptive immune response in cardiac arrest resuscitation induced ischemia reperfusion renal injury.

Background: The present study aims to investigate, immunohistochemically, the role of the adaptive immune response in cardiac arrest/resuscitation-induced ischemia-reperfusion renal injury (IRI), namely to assess the presence of lymphocytes in renal tissue samples and the connection between the extent of the damage and the concentration of the lymphocytes by comparing the kidneys of non resuscitated swine with the kidneys of resuscitated swine.

Methods: Twenty four swine underwent cardiac arrest (CA) via a pacemaker wire. After 7 min, without any intervention, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, CPR, was commenced.

Histological Effects of Intravitreal Injection of Antifungal Agents in New Zealand White Rabbits: An Electron Microscopic and Immunohistochemical Study.

Fungal endophthalmitis is a serious and vision-threatening infection which requires an immediate and effective treatment approach. Our research aims to elucidate the histological effects of the intravitreal injection of the maximum safe dosage of voriconazole and micafungin on retina. Six albino New Zealand White Rabbits were used.

Immunohistochemical Femoral Nerve Study Following Bisphosphonates Administration.

Bisphosphonates represent selective inhibitors of excess osteoblastic bone resorption that characterizes all osteopathies, targeting osteoclasts and their precursors. Their long-term administration in postmenopausal women suffering from osteoporosis has resulted in neural adverse effects. The current study focuses on the research of possible alterations in the femoral nerve, caused by bisphosphonates.

Bisphosphonate's Effect on Tongue Mucosa: An Experimental Electron Microscopy Study.

Background And Objectives: Bisphosphonates (BPs) are selective inhibitors of osteoclasts, used for the treatment of bone disorders. The objective of this study is to investigate the possible effects of BPs on the tongue's mucosa.

Materials And Methods: Specimens of the tongue of 20 female 12-month old Wistar rats were taken.

Identification of miRNAs from stem cell derived microparticles in umbilical cord blood.

Umbilical cord blood CD34+ (UCB-CD34+) stem cells are clinically used in hematopoietic cell transplantation. However, there are limitations in the use of umbilical cord blood transplants because of the small number of cells and delayed engraftment. To gain a better understanding of functional components of UCB, we have detected and characterized CD34+ microparticles (CD34+MPs) from cord blood units.

Alendronate effect in esophagus, stomach and liver: an animal based pathological study.

Bisphosphonates are commonly used in clinical practice. Their effectiveness is indisputable, however their adverse effects, especially in the GI tract, are still controversial. In our report, we demonstrate pathological findings of the effect of systematic alendronate administration in esophagus, stomach and the liver of an in-vivo animal model of 15 Wistar rats.