Fetal heart rate monitoring in nonobstetric surgery: a systematic review of the evidence.

Objective: Concern for fetal well-being during maternal nonobstetric surgery may result in obstetricians and other maternity care providers being asked to perform intraoperative fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring. We systematically reviewed the evidence regarding the use of FHR monitoring during nonobstetric surgery after potential fetal viability (>22 weeks gestational age), and examined the FHR patterns and outcomes reported.

Data Sources: A systematic review of the evidence was performed.

Intravenous lidocaine for the treatment of background or procedural burn pain.

Background: This is an update of the review on "Lidocaine for pain relief in burn injured patients" first published in Issue 3, 2007, and first updated in 2012. Pain is a major issue for people with many different types of wounds, in particular those people with burn injuries. Prompt, aggressive use of opioid analgesics such as morphine has been suggested as critical to avert the cycle of pain and anxiety, but adverse effects are encountered.

Intravenous lidocaine for the treatment of background or procedural burn pain.

Background: This is an update of the review on 'Lidocaine for pain relief in burn injured patients' first published in Issue 3, 2007. Pain is a major issue for patients suffering from many different types of wounds, in particular those with burn injuries. Prompt, aggressive use of opioid analgesics such as morphine has been suggested as critical to avert the cycle of pain and anxiety, but side effects are encountered.

A systematic review of ketamine as an analgesic agent in adult burn injuries.

Objective: To assess the current literature regarding the effectiveness and side-effect profile of intravenous ketamine as a means of pain relief when compared with placebo or as an adjunct to opioid analgesia in patients exposed to burn injury.

Design: Electronic searches of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and The Cochrane Library databases from 1966 onward were used to identify clinical trials comparing ketamine with placebo in the adult burn population.

Outcomes Measured: Effectiveness and side-effect profile of ketamine as an analgesic agent in burn injuries.