Two cases of cardiomyopathy associated with phaeochromocytoma successfully managed with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO).

Summary: Phaeochromocytoma, a rare neuroendocrine tumour of chromaffin cell origin, is characterised by catecholamine excess. Clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic disease to life-threatening multiorgan dysfunction. Catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy is a dreaded complication with high lethality.

In-vivo metabolic studies of regional adipose tissue.

The accumulation of abdominal adipose tissue has long been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Paradoxically, increased gluteofemoral adipose tissue, which is predominantly subcutaneous fat, seems to play a protective role. There has been significant scientific interest in understanding how abdominal and gluteofemoral depots confer opposing metabolic risks.

Leydig Cell Hyperplasia Mimicking a Testicular Tumour in a Patient with Klinefelter Syndrome.

Background: Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most common sex-chromosomal disorder in males. Frequently under-recognized, it occurs in 1 in 500-600 male births. It is caused by the inheritance of at least one additional X chromosome from either parent.

Microvascular diabetes complications in a specialist young adult diabetes service.

Background And Aims: The provision of medical care to young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus is challenging. The aim of this study was to determine the rates of microvascular complications and their progression among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus attending a specialist young adult diabetes service in Ireland.

Methods: A retrospective review of 62 (male 56.

Distinct developmental profile of lower-body adipose tissue defines resistance against obesity-associated metabolic complications.

Upper- and lower-body fat depots exhibit opposing associations with obesity-related metabolic disease. We defined the relationship between DEXA-quantified fat depots and diabetes/cardiovascular risk factors in a healthy population-based cohort (n = 3,399). Gynoid fat mass correlated negatively with insulin resistance after total fat mass adjustment, whereas the opposite was seen for abdominal fat.

Downregulation of adipose tissue fatty acid trafficking in obesity: a driver for ectopic fat deposition?

Objective: Lipotoxicity and ectopic fat deposition reduce insulin signaling. It is not clear whether excess fat deposition in nonadipose tissue arises from excessive fatty acid delivery from adipose tissue or from impaired adipose tissue storage of ingested fat.

Research Design And Methods: To investigate this we used a whole-body integrative physiological approach with multiple and simultaneous stable-isotope fatty acid tracers to assess delivery and transport of endogenous and exogenous fatty acid in adipose tissue over a diurnal cycle in lean (n = 9) and abdominally obese men (n = 10).

Femoral adipose tissue may accumulate the fat that has been recycled as VLDL and nonesterified fatty acids.

Objective: Gluteo-femoral, in contrast to abdominal, fat accumulation appears protective against diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that this reflects differences in the ability of the two depots to sequester fatty acids, with gluteo-femoral fat acting as a longer-term "sink."

Research Design And Methods: A total of 12 healthy volunteers were studied after an overnight fast and after ingestion of a mixed meal.

Greater dietary fat oxidation in obese compared with lean men: an adaptive mechanism to prevent liver fat accumulation?

Liver fat represents a balance between input, secretion, and oxidation of fatty acids. As humans spend the majority of a 24-h period in a postprandial state, dietary fatty acids make an important contribution to liver fat metabolism. We compared hepatic fatty acid partitioning in healthy lean (n = 9) and abdominally obese (n = 10) males over 24 h.

Development of an arterio-venous difference method to study the metabolic physiology of the femoral adipose tissue depot.

Gluteofemoral adipose tissue (AT) has interesting positive associations with metabolic health, yet little is known of its metabolic physiology. Here, we describe a technique for cannulation of a vein draining the femoral fat depot. Using ultrasound guidance, a cannula was introduced into a superficial branch of the great saphenous vein.

Elevated expression of osteopontin may be related to adipose tissue macrophage accumulation and liver steatosis in morbid obesity.

Objective: Osteopontin (OPN) plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance and liver complications in dietary murine models. We aimed to determine the expression pattern of OPN and its receptor CD44 in obese patients and mice according to insulin resistance and liver steatosis.

Research Design And Methods: OPN and CD44 expressions were studied in 52 morbidly obese patients and in mice.

Differences in partitioning of meal fatty acids into blood lipid fractions: a comparison of linoleate, oleate, and palmitate.

There has been much interest in the health effects of dietary fat, but few studies have comprehensively compared the acute metabolic fate of specific fatty acids in vivo. We hypothesized that different classes of fatty acids would be variably partitioned in metabolic pathways and that this would become evident over 24 h. We traced the fate of fatty acids using equal amounts of [U-(13)C]linoleate, [U-(13)C]oleate, and [U-(13)C]palmitate given in a test breakfast meal in 12 healthy subjects.

The contribution of splanchnic fat to VLDL triglyceride is greater in insulin-resistant than insulin-sensitive men and women: studies in the postprandial state.

Objective: We aimed to determine differences in the postprandial contributions of different fatty acid sources to VLDL triglycerides (TGs) in healthy men and women with varying degrees of insulin resistance.

Research Design And Methods: Insulin-resistant (n = 11) and insulin-sensitive (n = 11) men and women (n = 6) were given an intravenous infusion of [(2)H(2)]palmitic acid to investigate systemic nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) incorporation into VLDL TGs. Participants were also fed a mixed meal containing [U-(13)C]palmitic acid to investigate the contribution of dietary fatty acids to VLDL TG production.