Investigation of Van Gogh-like 2 mRNA regulation and localisation in response to nociception in the brain of adult common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

The Van Gogh-like 2 (vangl2) gene is typically associated with planar cell polarity pathways, which is essential for correct orientation of epithelial cells during development. The encoded protein of this gene is a transmembrane protein and is highly conserved through evolution. Van Gogh-like 2 was selected for further study on the basis of consistent regulation after a nociceptive stimulus in adult common carp and rainbow trout in a microarray study.

Novel candidate genes identified in the brain during nociception in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Recent studies have demonstrated that teleost fish possess nociceptors that detect potentially painful stimuli and that the physiological properties of these fibres are markedly similar to those found in mammals. This finding led to suggestions of possible pain perception in fish, contrary to the view that the sensory response in these animals is limited to the spinal cord and hindbrain and as such is reflexive. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if the brain is active at the molecular level by using a microarray analysis of gene expression in the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain of two fish species.

Oscillatory activity within rat substantia gelatinosa in vitro: a role for chemical and electrical neurotransmission.

Although rhythmic behaviour of mammalian spinal ventral horn networks has been extensively studied little is known about oscillogenesis in the spinal dorsal horn. The aims of this in vitro study were to record and determine the underlying mechanisms of potassium-evoked network field oscillations in the substantia gelatinosa of the neonatal rat dorsal horn, a lamina involved in nociceptive processing. Transient pressure ejection of a potassium solution evoked reproducible rhythmic activity in discrete areas of the substantia gelatinosa which lasted for 5-15 s with a single prominent peak in the 4-12 Hz frequency band (7.

Discovering genes: the use of microarrays and laser capture microdissection in pain research.

The DNA microarray is a powerful, high throughput technique for assessing gene expression on a system-wide genomic scale. It has great potential in pain research for determining the network of gene regulation in different pain conditions, and also for producing detailed gene expression maps in anatomical areas that process nociceptive stimuli. However, for the potential of this high throughput technology to be realised in pain research, microarrays need to be combined with other technologies.