The Role of Dual-Energy CT in Solid Organ Injury.

The liver, spleen, and kidneys are the commonest injured solid organs in blunt and penetrating trauma. The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) Organ Injury Scale (OIS) is the most widely accepted system for categorizing traumatic injuries. Grading systems allow clear communication of findings between clinical teams and assign a measurable severity of injury, which directly correlates with morbidity and mortality.

Preventing and Mitigating Radiology System Failures: A Guide to Disaster Planning.

Disaster planning is a core facet of modern health care practice. Owing to complex infrastructure requirements, radiology departments are vulnerable to system failures that may occur in isolation or during a disaster event when the urgency for and volume of imaging examinations increases. Planning for systems failures helps ensure continuity of service provision and patient care during an adverse event.

Hidden IgG4-Related Coronary Disease.

Objectives: We present a full autopsy with a focused radiology and pathologic review of the coronary arteries. We hope that the results described in this article will help create better diagnostic measures and prevent future coronary artery vasculitis misdiagnosis.

Methods: A full autopsy was performed on the body of Dr Myung Choong Yoon, with full consent from the family, within the department of pathology and laboratory medicine at Vancouver General Hospital.

A Guide to Mass Casualty Incidents for Radiology Residents: Strategies, Ethics, Directions.

Mass casualty incidents, by nature of their scale and unpredictability, can rapidly overwhelm health infrastructure. Preparation is the key to managing these crises with the lowest risk to emergency and health personnel, while providing maximal life saving measures. We present an overview of the multitiered planning that should go into forming a well set out emergency response plan and one that is capable of being adapted to a wide range of mass casualty scenarios.

Evaluation of Bowel and Mesentery in Abdominal Trauma.

Since the advent of multidetecter computed tomography (CT), radiologist sensitivity in detection of traumatic bowel and mesenteric abnormalities has significantly improved. Although several CT signs have been described to identify intestinal injury, accurate interpretation of these findings can remain challenging. Early detection of bowel and mesenteric injury is important as it alters patient management, disposition, and follow-up.

Mass Casualty Imaging-Policy, Planning, and Radiology Response to Mass Casualty Incidents.

A mass casualty incident (MCI) is an event that generates more patients at one time than locally available resources can manage using routine procedures. By their nature, many of these incidents have no prior notice but result in large numbers of casualties with injuries that range in severity. They can happen anywhere and at any time and regional hospitals and health-care providers have to mount a response quickly and effectively to save as many lives as possible.

Changes in Approach to Solid Organ Injury: What the Radiologist Needs to Know.

This review aims to examine the challenges facing radiologists interpreting trauma computed tomography (CT) images in this era of a changing approach to management of solid organ trauma. After reviewing the pearls and pitfalls of CT imaging protocols for detection of traumatic solid organ injuries, we describe the key changes in the 2018 American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Organ Injury Scales for liver, spleen, and kidney and their implications for management strategies. We then focus on the important imaging findings in observed in patients who undergo nonoperative management and patients who are imaged post damage control surgery.

Evaluation of Radiology Reports by the Emergency Department Clinical Providers: A Message to Radiologists [Formula: see text].

Objectives: This study is an evaluation of the emergency department (ED) satisfaction with the current radiologic reporting system used at a major Northeastern academic medical center. The radiology reports are the main form of communication and usually the final product of any radiological investigation delivered to clinicians. The aim of this study was to improve current radiology reporting practices and to better tailor reports to match the needs and expectations of ED clinicians.

A Comparative Evaluation of Cardiothoracic Radiology Fellowship Website Content.

Purpose: Prospective radiology fellows often rely on the internet to obtain information with regard to the application process for and the unique qualities of different fellowship programs. The aim of this study was to analyze the content of websites of the United States' and Canadian cardiothoracic radiology fellowships.

Methods: All active Cardiothoracic Radiology fellowship websites as of July 2019 were evaluated and compared using 25 criteria in the following domains: Application, Recruitment, Clinical Training, Education/Research, and Incentives.

Gender Disparity in Chest Radiology in North America.

Purpose: In the current cultural climate, gender disparity is a topical and contentious issue. In academic medicine, there is an underrepresentation of female faculty in leadership positions with lower research output and fewer grant awards. We study the gender differences in faculty rank, leadership positions, and research output among chest radiologists in North America.

Novel Geographic Thematic Study of the Largest Radiology Societies Globally: How Is Gender Structure Biased Within Editorial Boards?

Radiology has traditionally been a male-dominated medical specialty, and this is also reflected in the authorship of radiology publications and the composition of radiology journal editorial boards. The purpose of this study was to quantify the extent of the gender disparities reflected within the journal editorial boards of the largest international radiologic societies. Methods were crafted to generate a geographically based gender analysis of the editorial boards of the largest general radiologic societies globally.

Low-Dose Computed Tomography for the Optimization of Radiation Dose Exposure in Patients with Crohn's Disease.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the mainstay method for the radiological imaging of the small bowel in patients with inflammatory bowel disease without the use of ionizing radiation. There are circumstances where imaging using ionizing radiation is required, particularly in the acute setting. This usually takes the form of computed tomography (CT).

Body composition determinants of radiation dose during abdominopelvic CT.

Objectives: We designed a prospective study to investigate the in-vivo relationship between abdominal body composition and radiation exposure to determine the strongest body composition predictor of dose length product (DLP) at CT.

Methods: Following institutional review board approval, quantitative analysis was performed prospectively on 239 consecutive patients who underwent abdominopelvic CT. DLP, BMI, volumes of abdominal adipose tissue, muscle, bone and solid organs were recorded.

C-reactive protein and radiographic findings of lower respiratory tract infection in infants.

Aim: To evaluate the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) and radiological evidence of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants.

Methods: All patients aged less than 4 years who presented with suspected lower respiratory tract infection, who received a peri-presentation chest radiograph and CRP blood measurement over an 18-mo period were included in the study. Age, gender, source of referral, CRP, white cell count, neutrophil count along with the patients' symptoms and radiologist's report were recorded.

CT of the head for acute stroke: Diagnostic performance of a tablet computer prior to intravenous thrombolysis.

Introduction: The authors propose that tablet computers could benefit patients with acute stroke in the remote care setting, where time to and accuracy of CT interpretation greatly influences patient outcome.

Methods: One hundred and fifty consecutive patients who presented to the Emergency Department of a tertiary referral neurosciences centre within a time window suitable for intravenous thrombolytic therapy were included. Images were wirelessly transmitted to a tablet computer (iPad 3rd Generation, model = A1430, Apple, Cupertino, CA) and were reviewed by radiologists with three levels of experience for signs of intracranial haemorrhage, large vessel occlusion and parenchymal infarction.

Accurate tissue characterization in low-dose CT imaging with pure iterative reconstruction.

Introduction: We assess the ability of low-dose hybrid iterative reconstruction (IR) and 'pure' model-based IR (MBIR) images to maintain accurate Hounsfield unit (HU)-determined tissue characterization.

Methods: Standard-protocol (SP) and low-dose modified-protocol (MP) CTs were contemporaneously acquired in 34 Crohn's disease patients referred for CT. SP image reconstruction was via the manufacturer's recommendations (60% FBP, filtered back projection; 40% ASiR, Adaptive Statistical iterative Reconstruction; SP-ASiR40).

Cumulative radiation exposure from diagnostic imaging in intensive care unit patients.

Aim: To quantify cumulative effective dose of intensive care unit (ICU) patients attributable to diagnostic imaging.

Methods: This was a prospective, interdisciplinary study conducted in the ICU of a large tertiary referral and level 1 trauma center. Demographic and clinical data including age, gender, date of ICU admission, primary reason for ICU admission, APACHE II score, length of stay, number of days intubated, date of death or discharge, and re-admission data was collected on all patients admitted over a 1-year period.

Computed tomography dose optimisation in cystic fibrosis: A review.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disease of the Caucasian population worldwide, with respiratory disease remaining the most relevant source of morbidity and mortality. Computed tomography (CT) is frequently used for monitoring disease complications and progression. Over the last fifteen years there has been a six-fold increase in the use of CT, which has lead to a growing concern in relation to cumulative radiation exposure.

Feasibility of low-dose CT with model-based iterative image reconstruction in follow-up of patients with testicular cancer.

Purpose: We examine the performance of pure model-based iterative reconstruction with reduced-dose CT in follow-up of patients with early-stage testicular cancer.

Methods: Sixteen patients (mean age 35.6 ± 7.

Pure Iterative Reconstruction Improves Image Quality in Computed Tomography of the Abdomen and Pelvis Acquired at Substantially Reduced Radiation Doses in Patients With Active Crohn Disease.

Unlabelled: We assessed diagnostic accuracy and image quality of modified protocol (MP) computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis reconstructed using pure iterative reconstruction (IR) in patients with Crohn disease (CD).

Methods: Thirty-four consecutive patients with CD were referred with suspected extramural complications. Two contemporaneous CT datasets were acquired in all patients: standard protocol (SP) and MP.

The utilisation and diagnostic yield of radiological imaging in a specialist functional GI disorder clinic: an 11-year retrospective study.

Objectives: The term functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) describes various aggregations of chronic gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms not explained by identifiable organic pathology; accordingly, their diagnosis rests on symptom-based criteria and a process of exclusion. Evidence is lacking on the appropriate use of abdominal imaging studies (AIS) in FGIDs.

Methods: We investigated the utilisation of AIS (site, modality, diagnostic yield/significance) at a tertiary FGID clinic over an 11-year period.

A prospective feasibility study of sub-millisievert abdominopelvic CT using iterative reconstruction in Crohn's disease.

Objective: Iterative reconstruction (IR) allows diagnostic CT imaging with less radiation exposure than filtered back projection (FBP). We studied an IR low-dose CT abdomen/pelvis (LDCTAP) protocol, designed to image at an effective dose (ED) approximating 1 mSv in patients with Crohn's disease (CD).

Methods: Forty patients, mean age 37 ± 13.