Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules in Children and Adolescents with Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Their Outcomes after Early Thyroxine Treatment-A Longitudinal Study.

Pediatric thyroid nodules (TNs) present a higher malignancy rate compared to adults. We sought to diagnose the frequency and characteristics of TNs in children and adolescents with subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) and their outcomes after levothyroxine (LT4) therapy. A total of 256 children with TNs and SH were followed every semester from 2006 to 2018.

46,ΧΥ DSD in an adolescent with a novel de novo variant of the NR5A1 gene - case report and literature review.

Purpose: In addition to chromosomal abnormalities, several genes have been implicated as causes of disorders of sex development (DSD). The NR5A1 gene expresses SF1, a transcription factor that plays a role in steroidogenesis by controlling multiple stages of adrenal and gonadal development, its mutations having been reported in cases of DSD.

Case Presentation: A 15-year-old teenager was admitted to the Children's ICU of a tertiary center due to acute encephalitis.

Optimizing Oxygen Delivery by Low-Flow Nasal Cannula to Small Infants: A Bench Study.

Background: In infants treated with a low-flow nasal cannula (LFNC), the oxygen concentration delivered to the lungs (i.e., the effective FiO) is difficult to estimate.

Primary Omental Torsion in Children in the Laparoscopy Era: What Have we Learned so far?

Background/aim: Primary omental torsion is uncommon, mimicking appendicitis and other acute abdominal pathologies. It often escapes diagnosis on imaging investigation or conventional open laparotomy. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of laparoscopy on the various parameters of this entity, including incidence, diagnosis, and treatment.

Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in children with obesity or type 1 diabetes as a marker of endothelial dysfunction: a cross-sectional study.

Pediatric obesity and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) represent two common chronic diseases associated with chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and long-term complications. The aim of the present study was to assess the possible diagnostic and prognostic value of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), a marker of inflammation and impaired endothelial function, in children with the diseases. In this cross-sectional study, children and adolescents with T1DM (N = 41) or obesity (N = 37), aged < 18 years old, and without proteinuria were included, together with children of similar age and without evident morbidity that served as controls (N = 42).

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), Activin-A and Clusterin in Children and Adolescents with Obesity or Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Unlabelled: Inflammation plays a crucial role in diabetes and obesity through macrophage activation. Macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), activin-A, and clusterin are chemokines with known roles in diabetes and obesity. The aim of this study is to investigate their possible diagnostic and/or early prognostic values in children and adolescents with obesity and type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Parental concerns and vaccine hesitancy against COVID-19 vaccination for children in Greece: A cross-sectional survey.

Introduction: Parental hesitancy against children's COVID-19 vaccination remains a challenge globally. Although many studies have explored parental hesitancy, less is known about parental intentions towards COVID-19 vaccination of 6-month to 4-year-old children who were the last age group that became eligible for vaccination and for older children throughout the Omicron predominance period.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional survey from November to December 2022 in Greece.

Parental Home Safety Practices for Domestic Accident Prevention: How Prepared Were Parents for COVID-19 Confinement? A Cross-Sectional Study.

(1) Background: Children are susceptible to home injuries. How prepared parents were to protect their children from accidents before and during the COVID-19 quarantine is uncertain. (2) Methods: We conducted a community-based, cross-sectional study in Greece between November and December 2021.

Ileocolic Intussusception in Infancy is not Always Idiopathic - Adenomyoma as the Leading Point.

BACKGROUND Intussusception is a frequent abdominal emergency in infancy, requiring immediate diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. In approximately 90% of cases, intussusception seems to be idiopathic. There has been a reported association of intussusception with lymphoid hyperplasia of Peyer patches in the terminal ileum, possibly acting as the triggering factor.

Infantile hemangiomas screening modalities for primary care physicians.

Infantile hemangiomas are the most common benign vascular tumors in children. They present a characteristic natural history of spontaneous involution after a phase of initial proliferation. A small but significant minority demonstrates incomplete regression or complications and requires prompt intervention.

Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on parental and childhood stress levels in Greece.

Objective: The impact of COVID-19 vaccination on parental and childhood stress levels has not been thoroughly investigated. Our aim was to explore the above relationship and identify factors that may influence the dissemination of stress within the family during the pandemic.

Subjects And Methods: A cross-sectional e-survey was conducted among a nationwide sample of parents in May 2021 in Greece.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Children and Adolescents; Diagnostic and Therapeutic Pitfalls.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) represents an acute, severe complication of relative insulin deficiency and a common presentation of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) primarily and, occasionally, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in children and adolescents. It is characterized by the biochemical triad of hyperglycaemia, ketonaemia and/or ketonuria, and acidaemia. Clinical symptoms include dehydration, tachypnoea, gastrointestinal symptoms, and reduced level of consciousness, precipitated by a variably long period of polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss.

Post-Traumatic Stress as a Psychological Effect of Mild Head Injuries in Children.

Background: Head trauma is one of the most common pediatric emergencies. While the psychological effects of severe head injuries are well studied, the psychological consequences of mild head injuries often go overlooked. Head injuries with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13-15, with symptoms such as headache, vomiting, brief loss of consciousness, transient amnesia, and absence of focal neurological signs, are defined as mild.

Association of the Bacteria of the Vermiform Appendix and the Peritoneal Cavity with Complicated Acute Appendicitis in Children.

Background: Primary infection has been questioned as the pathogenetic cause of acute appendicitis. We attempted to identify the bacteria involved and to investigate if their species, types, or combinations affected the severity of acute appendicitis in children.

Methods: Samples from both the appendiceal lumen and the peritoneal cavity of 72 children who underwent appendectomy were collected to perform bacterial culture analysis.

Ceftriaxone Administration Associated with Lithiasis in Children: Guilty or Not? A Systematic Review.

Lithiasis is a known side effect of ceftriaxone administration in children. Sex, age, weight, dosage, and duration of intake have been reported as risk factors for the formation of calcification or stones in the bile and urine excretory systems of children who received ceftriaxone. The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the reported effects of ceftriaxone administration in pediatric patients who were admitted to a hospital due to infection, the likelihood of gallstones, nephroliths, or precipitations in both the biliary and urinary systems, as well as investigate the relationship with their mother's history during pregnancy.

Child abuse experience, training, knowledge, and attitude of healthcare professionals in sixty hospitals in Greece.

Objective: This study aims to record the overall perception of healthcare professionals on child abuse and identify potential affecting factors in a nationwide scale in Greece as well as to provide information that might be useful for future educational actions.

Materials And Methods: A total of 1,185 healthcare professionals in 60 hospitals with pediatric departments across Greece participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants included pediatricians, pediatric surgeons, residents, nurses, psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers.

Knowledge and Attitudes of Medical and Nursing Students in Greece Regarding Child Abuse and Neglect.

Data on the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare practitioners in training regarding child abuse and neglect (CAN) are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes regarding CAN of medical and nursing students in Greek universities. We performed a questionnaire-based e-survey on a convenience sample of students and recruited 609 students (366 medical and 243 nursing).

The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Admission on Families: Results from a Nationwide Sample in Greece.

The aim of the present study was to assess the psychological impact of hospitalization during the COVID-19 pandemic on parents and their offspring. We performed a nationwide cross-sectional study in Greece based on an Internet questionnaire survey. A convenience sample of parents whose offspring had been hospitalized due to COVID-19 (including multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, MIS-C), diagnosed with COVID-19 but not hospitalized, and hospitalized for another reason during the pandemic were enrolled.

Is It Safe to Stay at Home? Parents' Perceptions of Child Home Injuries during the COVID-19 Lockdown.

The COVID-19 pandemic and stay-at-home regulations have increased child home injuries. This study illustrates the type and frequency of child home injuries in Greece during the COVID-19 lockdown. Moreover, the survey reports the results on parents' proposals regarding child injuries at home during the COVID-19 quarantine.

An approximation method for the prevention of knot formation during catheterization in children.

Introduction: Knotting during urethral catheterization in children is an unpleasant situation. We aimed to minimize this risk.

Method: To prevent knot formation, we must understand its nature.

Healthcare workers' hand hygiene knowledge and compliance evaluation, in a Greek university hospital.

Objective: Healthcare associated infections affect both patients and employees, in terms of morbidity, mortality, and financial costs. Routine hand hygiene is the most important factor against this pestilence. Hand hygiene knowledge and compliance of healthcare workers are considered poor worldwide.

Parental and Pediatricians' Attitudes towards COVID-19 Vaccination for Children: Results from Nationwide Samples in Greece.

Although many studies have examined factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination and healthcare professionals' attitudes towards vaccines, less is known about parents' and pediatricians' attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination for children. Using two cross-sectional surveys from November to December 2021 in Greece, we aimed to assess parental intention to vaccinate their 5 to 17 years old children against COVID-19 and to evaluate pediatricians' attitudes towards children's vaccination against COVID-19. Overall, 439 parents and 135 pediatricians participated.