Effects of resistance training and protein supplementation on bone turnover in young adult women.

Background: The strength of aging bone depends on the balance between the resorption and formation phases of the remodeling process. The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction of two factors with the potential to exert opposing influences on bone turnover, resistance exercise training and high dietary protein intake. It was hypothesized that resistance training by young, healthy, untrained women with protein intakes near recommended levels (0.

Age effects on body fluid distribution during exercise in the heat.

Background: The purpose was to study the effects of age on body fluid distribution during exercise and exercise combined with heat stress.

Methods: Ten young (Y; 23.2 +/-0.

Weight loss and wrestling training: effects on growth-related hormones.

Adolescent wrestlers (n = 9, 15.4 yr) and recreationally active control males (n = 7, 15.7 yr) were measured before, at the end of, and 3.

Weight loss and wrestling training: effects on nutrition, growth, maturation, body composition, and strength.

Adolescent wrestlers (n = 9, 15.4 yr) and recreationally active control adolescent males (n = 7, 15.7 yr) were measured before, at the end (late season), and 3.

Cardiovascular and peak VO2 responses to supine exercise: effects of age and training status.

Although stroke volume during exercise is affected by aging and posture, few studies have carefully examined the heart rate, blood pressure, and peak oxygen uptake (VO2) responses of older subjects to supine exercise. The present study examined these responses during graded supine cycling in younger (21-30 yr) and older (51-62 yr) untrained (Treadmill VO2max = 47.0 vs 32.

Sport-seasonal changes in body composition, growth, power and strength of adolescent wrestlers.

Changes in body composition, somatic growth, power and strength of high school wrestlers (W, n = 8, 15.9 +/- 0.3 yrs) and controls (C, n = 6, 16.

Oxidative capacity of human muscle fiber types: effects of age and training status.

Morphometry and oxidative capacity of slow-twitch (type I) and fast-twitch (type IIa and IIb) muscle fibers obtained from vastus lateralis needle biopsies were compared between younger (21-30 yr) and older (51-62 yr) normal fit (maximal O2 uptake = 47.0 vs. 32.

Monitoring hemodialysis changes with bioimpedance. What do we really measure?

Changes in electrical resistance (delta R), water (delta H2O), and blood variables (Na+, K+, Cl-, protein [Pr], osmolality [Osmo], hemoglobin [Hb], and hematocrit [Hct]) were monitored during hemodialysis in 20 subjects. Average delta H2O was 1.69 +/- 0.

Hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis function in endurance-trained males.

The hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (H-P-T) axis was evaluated in groups of endurance-trained (TRG) and untrained (UNT) males. Each group was subjected to: 1) a 4-h resting hormonal profile [testosterone (T), free-testosterone (FT), estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), and cortisol (C)], 2) a dopamine antagonist (DA; 10 micrograms.kg-1 body weight) challenge to the pituitary-testes, and 3) a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 120 micrograms.

Reproductive hormonal profiles of endurance-trained and untrained males.

This study compares the resting reproductive hormonal profiles of untrained (N = 11) and endurance-trained (N = 11) males. Testosterone, free testosterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, and cortisol were measured by radioimmunoassay in resting blood samples (8 h fast) collected every 60 min for 4 h. The endurance-trained group had been active for (mean +/- SE) 12.

Muscle stiffness in down syndrome and other mentally handicapped subjects.

An attempt was made to determine the effects of strength training on elbow flexor stiffness of Down syndrome, non-Down syndrome mentally handicapped, and nonhandicapped subjects. It was hypothesized that stiffness would be affected by the training. Results showed that only half of the individual subjects increased their maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) level as a result of the training and that premeasures and postmeasures of MVC were not significantly different for any of the three groups.

Body composition and menstrual function in athletes.

The problem of menstrual dysfunction in athletes was recognised at about the same time as a theory was developed that a critical fat level was necessary for the onset and maintenance of menstrual function (17% and 22% of bodyweight, respectively). This theory was acceptable because of the frequency of leanness in athletes experiencing menstrual dysfunction and because of the role of adipose tissue in the intraconversion of hormones which could affect hypothalamic and pituitary regulatory centres. Research on this topic has been hampered by the extensive use of surveys, confining sampling to specific sports, use of inaccurate methods of body composition assessment, and lack of data on hormonal changes.

Kinematic effects of heel lift use to correct lower limb length differences*.

The effect of the heel lift to correct a limb length difference was studied by electrogoniometry (elgons) in four male subjects with a limb length inequality between 3/~6 inch (0.48 cm) and 3h inch (0.95 cm).

Validity of "generalized" equations for body composition analysis in male athletes.

Equations by Durnin and Womersley [(D-W), Br. J. Nutr.

Exercise and temperature effects on human sperm production and testosterone levels.

Five subjects exercised at an ambient temperature of 6.2 degrees C, five exercised at 37.7 degrees C, and five served as non-exercise controls.

Anaerobic and aerobic responses of males and females to rope skipping.

Six male and six female subjects performed maximal bicycle ergometer work and skipped rope at selected rates. Measures included oxygen uptake (VO2), oxygen debt (VO2 debt), blood lactate, and heart rate (HR). Mean values for males for the maximum test and while skipping at 120, 140, and 160 turns .

The effect of rope skipping rate on energy expenditure of males and females.

The purpose was to study the effects of skipping rate on energy expenditure and sex differences in response to rope skipping. Responses of 19 males and 11 females were measured while skipping for 5 min at 125, 135 and 145 skips . min-1.

Anthropometric estimation of body density, fat, and lean body weight in women gymnasts.

Measurements from 44 highly skilled women gymnasts were used to evaluate previously derived equations for estimating body composition and to develop new equations by step-wise linear regression. True composition values were computed from body density (DB). Measures were taken of skeletal diameters (D), circumferences (C) and skin-folds (SF).