Role of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Brain Tumor Surgery.

Object: The objective is to evaluate the role of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in intra-axial brain tumor cases (gliomas and metastasis). To preoperatively assess the integrity and location of white matter (WM) tracts and plan the surgical corridor to cause least damage to the WM tracts with minimum postoperative new neurological deficits.

Materials And Methods: A total of 34 patients were included in this study.

Endoscopic versus Microscopic Pituitary Adenoma Surgery: An Institutional Experience.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of endoscopic versus microscopic excision of pituitary adenoma, and to evaluate the merits and demerits of each approach.

Materials And Methods: Prospective data were collected and patients were surgically treated for pituitary adenoma at SMS Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Patients consent was obtained.

Cerebellar Mutism Syndrome following Midline Posterior Fossa Tumor Resection in Children: An Institutional Experience.

Aim: Cerebellar mutism (CM) syndrome is a well-known and annoying complication of posterior fossa surgery in the pediatric age group. Risk factors such as the type of tumor, size, involvement of posterior fossa structures and hydrocephalus, and postoperative cerebellar swelling for CM were investigated in this study.

Materials And Methods: A consecutive series of 33 children with midline posterior fossa tumors were operated at the SMS Medical College and Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Jaipur India, between September 2015 and December 2016.

History of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Central Institute of Psychiatry: Journey of Erna Hoch Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

Child and adolescent psychiatry has not been considered as an established field until the early 1900s till first such unit was started by Leo Kanner in 1930. In India, the first child guidance clinic was founded in 1938 in Mumbai by Dr. Clifford Manshardt.

Evaluating Potential QT Effects of JNJ-54861911, a BACE Inhibitor in Single- and Multiple-Ascending Dose Studies, and a Thorough QT Trial With Additional Retrospective Confirmation, Using Concentration-QTc Analysis.

Nonclinical assays with JNJ-54861911, a β-secretase 1 inhibitor have indicated that at high concentrations, it may delay cardiac repolarization. A 4-way crossover thorough QT (TQT) study was performed in 64 healthy subjects with 50 and 150 mg JNJ-54861911 once daily for 7 days, placebo, and 400 mg moxifloxacin. Retrospective high-precision QT (HPQT) analysis was performed on serial elecrocardiograms extracted from first-in-human single-ascending dose (SAD) and multiple-ascending dose (MAD) studies to evaluate if early studies could detect and predict QT effect.

Choanal Atresia: Birth Without Breath.

Bilateral Choanal atresia is a medical emergency. Corrective surgery is the mainstay of the treatment. Hegar's dilator was used in all cases to break the bony/membranous atretic plate.

Antidepressants as antipruritic agents: A review.

Pruritus is a concomitant symptom of various underlying disorders viz. dermatological, systemic and psychiatric disorders that provoke the person to scratch the skin. Many natural as well as, antipruritic therapies are usually practiced in the treatment of pruritus including general preventive measures, topical therapies such as cooling agents, antihistamines, anesthetics, capsaicin, corticosteroids, immunomodulators and; systemic therapies including administration of antihistamines, opioid antagonists/agonists, antiepileptic drugs/neuroleptics (e.

Assessment of improved buccal permeation and bioavailability of felodipine microemulsion-based cross-linked polycarbophil gel.

The oral bioavailability of felodipine (FEL) is very low, i.e., about 15%.

Quantitative Relationship Between AUEC of Absolute Neutrophil Count and Duration of Severe Neutropenia for G-CSF in Breast Cancer Patients.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the quantitative relationship between duration of severe neutropenia (DSN, the efficacy endpoint) and area under effect curve of absolute neutrophil counts (ANC-AUEC, the pharmacodynamic endpoint), based on data from filgrastim products, a human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Clinical data from filgrastim product comparator and test arms of two randomized, parallel-group, phase III studies in breast cancer patients treated with myelosuppressive chemotherapy were utilized. A zero-inflated Poisson regression model best described the negative correlation between DSN and ANC-AUEC.

Use of 3D printer model to study vertebral artery anatomy and variations in developmental craniovertebral junction anomalies and as a preoperative tool-an institutional experience.

Background: Spinal instrumentation using rods and screws have become procedure of choice for posterior fixation. Vertebral artery anatomy is highly variable in this region posing challenges during surgery. Our study used 3D printer model to understand the anatomy and variations in vertebral artery in live patients thereby providing an accurate idea about vertebral artery injury risk in these patients preoperatively and to rehearse the whole procedure.

Ligand- and Metal-Based Reactivity of a Neutral Ruthenium Diolefin Diazadiene Complex: The Innocent, the Guilty and the Suspicious.

Coordination of the diazadiene diolefin ligand (trop dad) to ruthenium leads to various complexes of composition [Ru(trop dad)(L)]. DFT studies indicate that the closed-shell singlet (CSS), open-shell singlet (OSS), and triplet electronic structures of this species are close in energy, with the OSS spin configuration being the lowest in energy for all tested functionals. Singlet-state CASSCF calculations revealed a significant multireference character for these complexes.

Reproductive Health of Men with Spinal Cord Injury.

Most men with spinal cord injury (SCI) are infertile due to a combination of erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory dysfunction, and abnormal semen quality. This article addresses issues that should be considered when managing the reproductive health of men with SCI. The authors present recommendations based on their decades of experience in managing the reproductive health of more than 1,000 men with SCI.

Giant cell tumour of tendon sheath and synovial membrane: A review of 26 cases.

Aim: Aim of our study is to highlight the incidence and benign nature of Giant cell tumour of tendon sheath and need for complete removal, thus minimizing the chances of recurrence.

Material And Methods: A total of 26 cases of Giant cell tumour of tendon sheath operated in the department of Orthopaedics, Patna Medical College & Hospital, Patna from 2003 to 2010 were included in this study. The surgery was performed after clinical evaluation of the lesion and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC).

Large unexplained suite of chemically reactive compounds present in ambient air due to biomass fires.

Biomass fires impact global atmospheric chemistry. The reactive compounds emitted and formed due to biomass fires drive ozone and organic aerosol formation, affecting both air quality and climate. Direct hydroxyl (OH) Reactivity measurements quantify total gaseous reactive pollutant loadings and comparison with measured compounds yields the fraction of unmeasured compounds.

Leveraging Big Data in Pediatric Development Programs: Proceedings From the 2016 American College of Clinical Pharmacology Annual Meeting Symposium.

This article discusses the use of big data in pediatric drug development. The article covers key topics discussed at the ACCP annual meeting symposium in 2016 including the extent to which big data or real-world data can inform clinical trial design and substitute for efficacy and safety data typically obtained in clinical trials. The current states of use, opportunities, and challenges with the use of big data in future pediatric drug development are discussed.

Current pharmaceutical strategies for efficient site specific delivery in inflamed distal intestinal mucosa.

Inflammatory bowel disorder is associated with certain pathophysiological disturbances which make established techniques of colon targeting more complex and inconsistent. Probable reason is severity of inflammation which leads to more variability in normal range of triggering factors that are being exploited for colon targeting. Influential changes in pathophysiology of intestine during inflammatory bowel disorder including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis both in active as well as quiescent stage have been discussed.

Enhancement of In Vivo Efficacy and Oral Bioavailability of Aripiprazole with Solid Lipid Nanoparticles.

Aripiprazole (ARP), a second-generation or atypical antipsychotic, is poorly soluble and undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism and P-glycoprotein efflux which lead to reduced in vivo efficacy and increased dose-related side effects. To enhance in vivo efficacy and oral bioavailability of aripiprazole, aripiprazole-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were developed using tristearin as solid lipid. Tween 80 and sodium taurocholate were used as surfactants to prepare SLNs using microemulsification method.

Substantia nigra ultrastructural pathology in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness affecting approximately 1% of the population worldwide. Despite its prevalence, the cause remains unknown, and treatment is not effective in all patients. Dopamine is thought to play a role in schizophrenia pathology, yet the substantia nigra (SN), the origin of dopaminergic pathways, has not been studied extensively in schizophrenia.

Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis among working dogs of organised kennels in India: A comprehensive analyses of clinico-pathology, serological and molecular epidemiological approach.

Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (CME) is a serious tick-borne rickettsial disease affecting canine populations globally. Besides few reports from stray and pet dogs from localised geographical regions (cities/towns/small states), a comprehensive study on prevalence of Ehrlichia canis (E. canis) among working dogs from different geo-climatic zones of India was pertinently lacking.

Rigid Bronchoscopy in Pediatric Patients.

Aspiration of foreign-bodies remains a major life-threatening situation in children and have always been a source of interest and confusion to otolaryngologists due to their varied presentations. These conditions if not promptly diagnosed and managed can prove to be fatal, but the current mortality is only one percent compared to pre bronchoscopy era (Rothman and Boeckman in Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 89:434-436, 1980). Peak incidence of this condition is in early childhood due to child's habit of putting small objects in mouth to determine their taste and texture and chew while teething.

Augmented bioavailability of felodipine through an α-linolenic acid-based microemulsion.

The oral bioavailability of felodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist, is about 15%. This may be due to poor water solubility, and a lower intestinal permeability than a BCS class I drug, and hepatic first-pass metabolism of the drug. Many drugs are unpopular due to solubility issues.

Use of Preoperative Ependymal Enhancement on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Brain as a Marker of Grade of Glioma.

Objectives: Neural stem cells within the subventricular zone (SVZ) are thought to be responsible for the origin and the heterogeneous nature of the gliomas. The relationship of the gliomas to the SVZ can be appreciated as ependymal enhancement on contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study evaluates the rate of ependymal enhancement and its association with the histopathological grade of gliomas.

Erectile Dysfunction: An Underestimated Presentation in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. ED, like other sexual disorders, is often under-reported and under-diagnosed, as talking about sex is considered a taboo in our society.

Methodology: All the male patients with diabetes mellitus (with or without active complaints of ED) attending Medicine or Psychiatry OPD of the institute during the study period were enrolled in the study.

Development of Drug Therapies for Newborns and Children: The Scientific and Regulatory Imperatives.

Pediatric legislation has generated information about the efficacy, safety, and dosing of more than 600 products in children. Extrapolation of adult efficacy data has been an integral part of pediatric drug development. Advances in our understanding of physiology and pharmacology have improved the approach to pediatric dose selection.