Genome-wide association mapping of biochemical traits and its correlation with MYMIV resistance in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek).

The mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV, Begomovirus vignaradiataindiaense) causes Yellow Mosaic Disease (YMD) in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.). The biochemical assays including total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ascorbic acid (AA), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) were used to study the mungbean plants defense response to MYMIV infection.

Development of infectious clones of mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV, Begomovirus vignaradiataindiaense) infecting mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] and evaluation of a RIL population for MYMIV resistance.

Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) is a major constraint for the low productivity of mungbean, mainly in South Asia. Addressing this issue requires a comprehensive approach, integrating field and challenge inoculation evaluations to identify effective solutions. In this study, an infectious clone of Begomovirus vignaradiataindiaense (MYMIV) was developed to obtain a pure culture of the virus and to confirm resistance in mungbean plants exhibiting resistance under natural field conditions.

Delineation of loci governing an extra-earliness trait in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) using the QTL-Seq approach.

Developing early maturing lentil has the potential to minimize yield losses, mainly during terminal drought. Whole-genome resequencing (WGRS) based QTL-seq identified the loci governing earliness in lentil. The genetic analysis for maturity duration provided a good fit to 3:1 segregation (F), indicating earliness as a recessive trait.

Exitrons: offering new roles to retained introns-the novel regulators of protein diversity and utility.

Exitrons are exonic introns. This subclass of intron retention alternative splicing does not contain a Pre-Terminating stop Codon. Therefore, when retained, they are always a part of a protein.

Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) regulating leaf SPAD value and trichome density in mungbean ( L.) using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach.

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping is used for the precise localization of genomic regions regulating various traits in plants. Two major QTLs regulating Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) value () and trichome density () in mungbean were identified using recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations (PMR-1×Pusa Baisakhi) on chromosome 7. Functional analysis of QTL region identified 35 candidate genes for SPAD value (16 No) and trichome (19 No) traits.

Morpho-biochemical characterization of a RIL population for seed parameters and identification of candidate genes regulating seed size trait in lentil ( Medik.).

The seed size and shape in lentil ( Medik.) are important quality traits as these influences the milled grain yield, cooking time, and market class of the grains. Linkage analysis was done for seed size in a RIL (F) population derived by crossing L830 (20.

Understanding plant-microbe interaction of rice and soybean with two contrasting diazotrophic bacteria through comparative transcriptome analysis.

Understanding the beneficial plant-microbe interactions is becoming extremely critical for deploying microbes imparting plant fitness and achieving sustainability in agriculture. Diazotrophic bacteria have the unique ability to survive without external sources of nitrogen and simultaneously promote host plant growth, but the mechanisms of endophytic interaction in cereals and legumes have not been studied extensively. We have studied the early interaction of two diazotrophic bacteria, (GAB) and (BRH), in 15-day-old seedlings of rice and soybean up to 120 h after inoculation (hai) under low-nitrogen medium.

Comparative transcriptome analysis, unfolding the pathways regulating the seed-size trait in cultivated lentil ( Medik.).

Market class, cooking time, quality, and milled grain yield are largely influenced by the seed size and shape of the lentil ( Medik.); thus, they are considered to be important quality traits. To unfold the pathways regulating seed size in lentils, a transcriptomic approach was performed using large-seeded (L4602) and small-seeded (L830) genotypes.

Physio-molecular traits of contrasting bread wheat genotypes associated with N influx exhibiting homeolog expression bias in nitrate transporter genes under different external nitrate concentrations.

The high affinity nitrate transport system is a potential target for improving nitrogen use efficiency of bread wheat growing either under optimal or limiting nitrate concentration. Nitrate uptake is one of the most important traits to take into account to improve nitrogen use efficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Genetic Dissection of Seedling Root System Architectural Traits in a Diverse Panel of Hexaploid Wheat through Multi-Locus Genome-Wide Association Mapping for Improving Drought Tolerance.

Cultivars with efficient root systems play a major role in enhancing resource use efficiency, particularly water absorption, and thus in drought tolerance. In this study, a diverse wheat association panel of 136 wheat accessions including mini core subset was genotyped using Axiom 35k Breeders' Array to identify genomic regions associated with seedling stage root architecture and shoot traits using multi-locus genome-wide association studies (ML-GWAS). The association panel revealed a wide variation of 1.

Integration of Dual Stress Transcriptomes and Major QTLs from a Pair of Genotypes Contrasting for Drought and Chronic Nitrogen Starvation Identifies Key Stress Responsive Genes in Rice.

We report here the genome-wide changes resulting from low N (N-W+), low water (N+W-)) and dual stresses (N-W-) in root and shoot tissues of two rice genotypes, namely, IR 64 (IR64) and Nagina 22 (N22), and their association with the QTLs for nitrogen use efficiency. For all the root parameters, except for root length under N-W+, N22 performed better than IR64. Chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid content were higher in IR64 under N+W+ treatment and N-W+ and N+W- stresses; however, under dual stress, N22 had higher chlorophyll b content.

Comparative RNA-Seq analysis unfolds a complex regulatory network imparting yellow mosaic disease resistance in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek].

Yellow Mosaic Disease (YMD) in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] is one of the most damaging diseases in Asia.

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Important Candidate Genes Related to Nutrient Reservoir, Carbohydrate Metabolism, and Defence Proteins during Grain Development of Hexaploid Bread Wheat and Its Diploid Progenitors.

Wheat grain development after anthesis is an important biological process, in which major components of seeds are synthesised, and these components are further required for germination and seed vigour. We have made a comparative RNA-Seq analysis between hexaploid wheat and its individual diploid progenitors to know the major differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved during grain development. Two libraries from each species were generated with an average of 55.

Transcriptome data of cultivated tetraploid and hexaploid wheat variety during grain development.

Wheat is a major food crop and an important component of human diet throughout the world. There are two major types of cultivated wheat; one is tetraploid durum (pasta) wheat and another one is hexaploid bread wheat. Wheat grain is the reservoir of two major dietary components - carbohydrate and protein, which get accumulated during seed maturation and directly affects yield and quality.

Homeologue Specific Gene Expression Analysis of Two Vital Carbon Metabolizing Enzymes-Citrate Synthase and NADP-Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-from Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Under Nitrogen Stress : Homeologue Specific gene expression of CS and NADP-ICDH.

Citrate synthase (CS) and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-ICDH) have been considered as candidate enzymes to provide carbon skeletons for nitrogen assimilation, i.e., production of 2-oxoglutarate required by the glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase cycle.

Transcriptome Analysis of Two Rice Varieties Contrasting for Nitrogen Use Efficiency under Chronic N Starvation Reveals Differences in Chloroplast and Starch Metabolism-Related Genes.

The nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of crop plants is limited and enhancing it in rice, a major cereal crop, would be beneficial for farmers and the environment alike. Here we report the genome-wide transcriptome analysis of two rice genotypes, IR 64 (IR64) and Nagina 22 (N22) under optimal (+N) and chronic starvation (-N) of nitrogen (N) from 15-day-old root and shoot tissues. The two genotypes were found to be contrasting in their response to -N; IR64 root architecture and root dry weight remained almost equivalent to that under +N conditions, while N22 showed high foraging ability but a substantial reduction in biomass under -N.

Nitrate Starvation Induced Changes in Root System Architecture, Carbon:Nitrogen Metabolism, and miRNA Expression in Nitrogen-Responsive Wheat Genotypes.

Improvement of nutrient use efficiency in cereal crops is highly essential not only to reduce the cost of cultivation but also to save the environmental pollution, reduce energy consumption for production of these chemical fertilizers, improve soil health, and ultimately help in mitigating climate change. In the present investigation, we have studied the morphological (with special emphasis on root system architecture) and biochemical responses (in terms of assay of the key enzymes involved in N assimilation) of two N-responsive wheat genotypes, at the seedling stage, under nitrate-optimum and nitrate-starved conditions grown in hydroponics. Expression profile of a few known wheat micro RNAs (miRNAs) was also studied in the root tissue.

Nutritional and antinutritional attributes of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) germplasms growing in Bihar, India.

Eleven germplasms of faba bean seeds from four agroclimatic regions of Bihar, India, have been investigated to estimate their nutritional (soluble protein, free amino acids, starch, reducing and non reducing sugar, total soluble sugar) and antinutritional (total extractable phenol and condensed tannin/proanthocyanidin) parameters. These parameters were found in varying concentration in all genotypes studied. The highest concentration of total extractable phenol and proanthocyanidin (condensed tannin) (2.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of diagnostic & management decision by teleophthalmology using indigenous equipment in comparison with in-clinic assessment of patients.

Background & Objectives: There is a concern on the quality and the usefulness of teleophthalmology images, particularly those using indigenous equipment, in making a diagnosis and treatment decisions in ophthalmology. The present study was done to compare the level of agreement and sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis and management decisions of various eye diseases by teleophthalmology using indigenous equipment, compared to the in-clinic assessment.

Methods: Patients having different eye diseases were evaluated by two ophthalmologists - one ophthalmologist examined the patient in clinic setting while the other ophthalmologist made the diagnosis and management decision based on images sent by teleophthalmology.

Revision of dysfunctional filtering bleb by conjunctival advancement with bleb preservation: A simple choice for massive choroidals with hypotony following trabeculectomy.

A 65-year-old diabetic and hypertensive male presented with a sudden diminution of vision after sustaining a trivial fingernail injury to his only good-seeing (right) eye. The patient underwent phacotrabeculectomy with posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation 22 years previously. In his right eye visual acuity at presentation was counting fingers at 1.