Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal.

The Cincticostella insolta complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) is reviewed based on new and historic material, as well as new field observations. Three new species are described viz., C.

CYP enzymes, expressed within live human suspension cells, are superior to widely-used microsomal enzymes in identifying potent CYP1A1/CYP1B1 inhibitors: Identification of quinazolinones as CYP1A1/CYP1B1 inhibitors that efficiently reverse B[a]P toxicity and cisplatin resistance.

Microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, isolated from recombinant bacterial/insect/yeast cells, are extensively used for drug metabolism studies. However, they may not always portray how a developmental drug would behave in human cells with intact intracellular transport mechanisms. This study emphasizes the usefulness of human HEK293 kidney cells, grown in 'suspension' for expression of CYPs, in finding potent CYP1A1/CYP1B1 inhibitors, as possible anticancer agents.

Evidence-Based Consensus on Positioning of SGLT2i in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Indians.

The current diabetes management strategies not only aim at controlling glycaemic parameters but also necessitate continuous medical care along with multifactorial risk reduction through a comprehensive management concept. The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a group of evolving antidiabetic agents that have the potential to play a pivotal role in the comprehensive management of patients with diabetes due to their diverse beneficial effects. SGLT2i provide moderate glycaemic control, considerable body weight and blood pressure reduction, and thus have the ability to lower the risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications.

Causes of visual impairment in applications for blindness certificates in a tertiary center of Bihar and its role in health planning.

Purpose: To analyze applications for blindness certificates to find causes of visual impairment (VI), handicap, and blindness in a tertiary hospital of Bihar.

Methods: Applications for blindness certificates were analyzed over a two-year period. The main cause of blindness, visual handicap, and VI in these applications was ascertained by age group and etiology.

Cink4T, a quinazolinone-based dual inhibitor of Cdk4 and tubulin polymerization, identified via ligand-based virtual screening, for efficient anticancer therapy.

Inhibition of cyclin dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4) prevents cancer cells from entering the early G/G phase of the cell division cycle whereas inhibiting tubulin polymerization blocks cancer cells' ability to undergo mitosis (M) late in the cell cycle. We had reported earlier that two non-planar and relatively non-toxic fascaplysin derivatives, an indole and a tryptoline, inhibit Cdk4 with IC values of 6.2 and 10 μM, respectively.

Phytoestrogens and their synthetic analogues as substrate mimic inhibitors of CYP1B1.

Phytoestrogens are class of natural compounds that shares structural similarity with estrogen and has the capacity to alter the fertilization in mammals. Till early 1990s, the natural phytoestrogens as well as their synthetic analogues were explored for their fertility modulating activity. During late 1990s, two findings renewed the interest on phytoestrogens as means to control hormone induced cancer: (i) revelation of overexpression of CYP1B1 in breast & ovarian cancer and (ii) protection offered by alphanapthoflavone (ANF) against hormone induced cancer.

Nitric oxide reverses drug resistance by inhibiting ATPase activity of p-glycoprotein in human multi-drug resistant cancer cells.

Background: Development of resistance to chemotherapy drugs is a significant problem in treating human malignancies in the clinic. Overexpression of drug efflux proteins, including P-170 glycoprotein (P-gp), an ATP-dependent efflux protein, is one of the main mechanisms responsible for multi-drug resistance (MDR). Because our previous studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO) or its related species inhibit the ATPase activities of topoisomerase II, we hypothesized that NO should also inhibit the ATPase activity of P-gp and increase drug accumulation in MDR cells, causing a reversal of drug resistance.

The new ether derivative of phenylpropanoid and bioactivity was investigated from the leaves of L.

A new ether derivative of phenylpropanoid compound, (-isohydroxychavicol)-chavicol octanyl ether () along with one known phenylpropanoid named pyrocatechol or hydroxychavicol () were isolated from var. collected from Tumluk district, West Bengal India. We first report the presence of compound in the genus .

Sonication of heart valves detects more bacteria in infective endocarditis.

Optimal antimicrobial treatment of infective endocarditis requires identification and susceptibility patterns of pathogens. Sonication of explanted heart valves could increase the identification and culture of pathogens, as shown in prosthetic joint and pacemaker/ICD infections. We tested 26 explanted heart valves from 20 patients with active definite endocarditis for added diagnostic value of sonication to the standard microbiological workup in a prospective diagnostic proof of concept study.

Management of cataract in Werner syndrome.

Werner syndrome (WS) is a rare progressive disorder. It is characterized by the appearance of unusually accelerated aging (progeria) including bilateral senile cataract. Here, we report a successful management of hypermature cataract in WS.

Imaging infective endocarditis: Adherence to a diagnostic flowchart and direct comparison of imaging techniques.

Background: Multimodality imaging is recommended to diagnose infective endocarditis. Value of additional imaging to echocardiography in patients selected by a previously proposed flowchart has not been evaluated.

Methods: An observational single-center study was performed.

Comparative studies of mineralization and detoxification of Mordant Black 17 in aqueous solution by UV light induced M/HO and M/SO systems.

The present study reports a process for simultaneous mineralization and detoxification of Mordant Black 17 with high electrical energy efficiency. Hydrogen peroxide and ammonium persulphate (APS) were used for the generation of hydroxyl and sulphate radicals using UV light (λ = 254 nm) and Fe and Ag ions as catalysts. The detoxification and energy efficiency of various processes were measured by monitoring growth inhibition of Escherichia coli and Electrical Energy per Order (EE/O) applicable for low concentration contaminants respectively.

Improving the Diagnostic Performance of F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron-Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Prosthetic Heart Valve Endocarditis.

Background: F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) was recently introduced as a new tool for the diagnosis of prosthetic heart valve endocarditis (PVE). Previous studies reporting a modest diagnostic accuracy may have been hampered by unstandardized image acquisition and assessment, and several confounders, as well. The aim of this study was to improve the diagnostic performance of FDG PET/CT in patients in whom PVE was suspected by identifying and excluding possible confounders, using both visual and standardized quantitative assessments.

A Mixed-Effects Model for Detecting Disrupted Connectivities in Heterogeneous Data.

The human brain is an amazingly complex network. Aberrant activities in this network can lead to various neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and autism. functional magnetic resonance imaging has emerged as an important tool to delineate the neural networks affected by such diseases, particularly autism.

Cellular and Nuclear Forces: An Overview.

Biological cells sample their surrounding microenvironments using nanoscale force sensors on the cell surfaces. These surface-based force and stress sensors generate physical and chemical responses inside the cell. The inherently well-connected cytoskeleton and its physical contacts with the force elements on the nuclear membrane lead these physicochemical responses to cascade all the way inside the cell nucleus, physically altering the nuclear state.

Monogenic, Polygenic, and MicroRNA Markers for Ischemic Stroke.

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading disease with high mortality and disability, as well as with limited therapeutic window. Biomarkers for earlier diagnosis of IS have long been pursued. Family and twin studies confirm that genetic variations play an important role in IS pathogenesis.

Crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses of 2-[(4,6-di-amino-pyrimidin-2-yl)sulfan-yl]--(pyridin-2-yl)acetamide and 2-[(4,6-di-amino-pyrimidin-2-yl)sulfan-yl]--(pyrazin-2-yl)acetamide.

In the title compounds, CHNOS (I) and CHNOS (II), the di-amino-pyrimidine ring makes dihedral angles of 71.10 (9)° with the pyridine ring in (I) and 62.93 (15)° with the pyrazine ring in (II).

Diagnosis of bloodstream infections from positive blood cultures and directly from blood samples: recent developments in molecular approaches.

Background: Bloodstream infections are a major cause of death with increasing incidence and severity. Blood cultures are still the reference standard for microbiological diagnosis, but are rather slow. Molecular methods can be used as add-on complementary assays.

Periumbilical perforating pseudoxanthoma elasticum: a rare case report.

Periumbilical perforating pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PPPXE) usually presents with well-defined periumbilical yellowish atrophic plaques with keratotic papules at the periphery. It is considered a variant of hereditary pseudoxanthoma elasticum or a localized acquired cutaneous dermatosis. The lesions usually occur in the periumbilical area in obese, multiparous women.

Liraglutide and Dulaglutide therapy in addition to SGLT-2 inhibitor and metformin treatment in Indian type 2 diabetics: a real world retrospective observational study.

Background: Therapy for Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been transformed by the introduction of newer agents like Glucagon like Peptide Receptor Agonists (GLP-1RA) and Sodium-glucose linked transporter inhibitors (SGLT2i). However with co-initiation of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA in the DURATION 8 trial an improvement in HbA1c was noted but the beneficial effect was not equal to the sum of its parts. In view of this we proceeded to test the hypothesis that sequential addition of GLP-1RA therapy to metformin and SGLT-2i may be more beneficial.

Safety and efficacy of fibrin glue versus infinity suture in SICS with extended scleral flap.

Purpose: To study the safety and efficacy of biologic fibrin glue (FG) in comparison with infinity suture in SICS with compromised scleral flap.

Methods: A retrospective comparative study of patients who were treated with FG (Group A) with 10-0 nylon (Group B) as sealing agent for intraoperative compromised tunnels in SICS. Parameters noted were postoperative inflammation, wound integrity, anterior chamber (AC) depth, intraocular pressure (IOP), and surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) at postoperative day 1, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 6 months, respectively.

A standardized approach to treat complex aortic valve endocarditis: a case series.

Background: Surgical treatment of complicated aortic valve endocarditis often is challenging, even for experienced surgeons. We aim at demonstrating a standardized surgical approach by stentless bioprostheses for the treatment of aortic valve endocarditis complicated by paravalvular abscess formation.

Methods: Sixteen patients presenting with aortic valve endocarditis (4 native and 12 prosthetic valves) and paravalvular abscess formation at various localizations and to different extents were treated by a standardized approach using stentless bioprostheses.

Tacrolimus versus Cyclosporine- Comparative Evaluation as First line drug in Vernal keratoconjuctivitis.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy, side effects and recurrence rate of vernal kerato conjunctivitis (VKC) with 0.03% tacrolimus and 0.05% cyclosporin.

Immunization practices in low birth weight infants from rural Haryana, India: Findings from secondary data analysis.

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) infants constitute a vulnerable subset of infants with impaired immunity in early life. In India, there is scarcity of studies that focus on immunization practices in such infants. This analysis aimed to examine immunization practices in LBW infants with the intention to identify areas requiring intervention.