Negative urgency increases risk for coping-motivated cannabis outcomes in socially anxious male emerging adult cannabis users.

Tension reduction theory suggests that socially anxious emerging adults use cannabis to cope with negative affect. However, the literature is mixed, indicating that the effect of social anxiety on cannabis use behaviors during emerging adulthood may depend on other moderating factors, such as negative urgency. This study aimed to clarify potential moderators that may strengthen the associations between social anxiety and cannabis outcomes among emerging adults.

The three-domain impact framework for characterizing impact of patient involvement in health technology assessment.

Objectives: Evaluating the impact of patient involvement in health technology assessments (HTA) may help improve practices and avoid ineffective activities. Evaluation, however, continues to be infrequent, inconsistent, and often only relates to process quantity or quality. The Patient and Citizen Involvement in HTA Interest Group (PCIG) within Health Technology Assessment International set out to contextualize this impact to support evaluation.

LSD1 drives intestinal epithelial maturation and controls small intestinal immune cell composition independent of microbiota in a murine model.

Postnatal development of the gastrointestinal tract involves the establishment of the commensal microbiota, the acquisition of immune tolerance via a balanced immune cell composition, and maturation of the intestinal epithelium. While studies have uncovered an interplay between the first two, less is known about the role of the maturing epithelium. Here we show that intestinal-epithelial intrinsic expression of lysine-specific demethylase 1A (LSD1) is necessary for the postnatal maturation of intestinal epithelium and maintenance of this developed state during adulthood.

Cannabis use and social anxiety disorder in emerging adulthood: Results from a nationally representative sample.

Cannabis use and social anxiety disorder (SAD) are prevalent during emerging adulthood. Previous work has demonstrated that SAD is related to cannabis use in adults; however, less is known about what correlates relate to this association in emerging adults. A subsample of individuals ages 18-25 years old from the NESARC-III (N = 5194) was used to (a) evaluate the association between cannabis use and SAD and (b) examine what correlates may be associated with cannabis use and SAD in emerging adulthood.

Effectiveness of a web-based self-help tool to reduce problem gambling: A randomized controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Problem gambling constitutes a public health concern associated with psychopathological comorbidity, substance use, and financial difficulties. Most individuals with gambling problems avoid counseling services due to perceived stigma and their preference for self-reliance. Treatment accessibility could be improved through web-based interventions.

Patient and citizen participation at the organizational level in health technology assessment: an exploratory study in five jurisdictions.

Objective: While patient participation in individual health technology assessments (HTAs) has been frequently described in the literature, patient and citizen participation at the organizational level is less described and may be less understood and practiced in HTA bodies. We aimed to better understand its use by describing current practice.

Method: To elicit descriptive case studies and insights we conducted semi-structured interviews and open-ended questionnaires with HTA body staff and patients and citizens participating at the organizational level in Belgium, France, Quebec, Scotland, and Wales.

Efficacy of a novel online integrated treatment for problem gambling and tobacco smoking: Results of a randomized controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Problem gambling and tobacco use are highly comorbid among adults. However, there are few treatment frameworks that target both gambling and tobacco use simultaneously (i.e.

Small-molecule-mediated OGG1 inhibition attenuates pulmonary inflammation and lung fibrosis in a murine lung fibrosis model.

Interstitial lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are caused by persistent micro-injuries to alveolar epithelial tissues accompanied by aberrant repair processes. IPF is currently treated with pirfenidone and nintedanib, compounds which slow the rate of disease progression but fail to target underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The DNA repair protein 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1 (OGG1) has significant roles in the modulation of inflammation and metabolic syndromes.

Zoledronic Acid Targeting of the Mevalonate Pathway Causes Reduced Cell Recruitment and Attenuates Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease causing irreparable scarring of lung tissue, with most patients succumbing rapidly after diagnosis. The mevalonate pathway, which is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival, and motility, is targeted by the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZA). The aim of this study was to assess the antifibrotic effects of ZA and to elucidate the mechanisms by which potential IPF treatment occurs.

Chemotherapy as a regulator of extracellular matrix-cell communication: Implications in therapy resistance.

The development of most solid cancers, including pancreatic, breast, lung, liver, and ovarian cancer, involves a desmoplastic reaction: a process of major remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) affecting the ECM composition, mechanics, and microarchitecture. These properties of the ECM influence key cancer cell functions, including treatment resistance. Furthermore, emerging data show that various chemotherapeutic treatments lead to alterations in ECM features and ECM-cell communication.

Cannabis use and social anxiety in young adulthood: A meta-analysis.

Young adulthood (ages 18 to 30 years old), a developmental age of exploration, is marked by new experiences and transitions. Cannabis use frequency is highest in young adulthood compared to other age periods. Social anxiety (characterized by fear, shyness, and inhibition in social situations where scrutiny and judgment is possible) is also prevalent during young adulthood.

Patient advocacy group involvement in health technology assessments: an observational study.

Background: In some jurisdictions, patients and patient groups may be invited to provide input when Health Technology Assessment (HTA) is used to inform decisions about which medicines should be subsidised or funded. This input can help frame the evidence from a patient perspective, address uncertainties in the evidence and interpret it for the local setting. However, there is currently no evidence linking patient involvement with positive reimbursement decisions.

Examining Subtypes of Emerging Adult Situational Drinking: A Replication and Extension Study.

Emerging adulthood is associated with heavy drinking. Despite overall heavy use, studies show considerable heterogeneity in emerging adult drinking habits. Lau-Barraco and colleagues (2016 b) identified three subtypes (high, moderate, low) of emerging adult heavy drinkers based on patterns of use across common drinking situations.

Sex differences in maladaptive emotional and behavioral responses to COVID-19: What is the role of personality?

Males are more non-adherent to public health measures for containing COVID-19 while females experience more COVID-19-related distress. Personality traits may influence both non-adherence and distress. We examined sensation seeking (SS), anxiety sensitivity (AS), impulsivity, and hopelessness as traits potentially associated with non-adherence and distress in response to COVID-19.

Self-compassion Buffers Impaired Decision-Making by Potential Problem Gamblers in a Casino Setting.

Self-compassionate individuals treat themselves kindly when undergoing stress. The present study examined self-compassion's relationship to risky decision-making on a gambling task by 240 problem and non-problem gamblers who were tested in a casino setting. Multi-level modeling analyses showed that participants expressed differential rates of learning to avoid risks on the gambling task, depending on their status as potential problem/non-problem gamblers and their level of self-compassion.

Developing and testing the effectiveness of a novel online integrated treatment for problem gambling and tobacco smoking: a protocol for an open-label randomized controlled trial.

Background: Gambling and tobacco smoking are highly comorbid among North American adults. However, there is a paucity of treatment options that are integrated (i.e.

Examining the Prospective Associations Between Mindfulness Facets and Substance Use in Emerging Adulthood.

Aims: Emerging adulthood (i.e. ages 18-25) is a developmental phase associated with frequent alcohol and cannabis use, placing this population at risk for substance use problems.

Citrullination of extracellular histone H3.1 reduces antibacterial activity and exacerbates its proteolytic degradation.

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF), involves excessive airway accumulation of neutrophils, often in parallel with severe infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Free histones are known to possess bactericidal properties, but the degree of antibacterial activity exerted on specific lung-based pathogens is largely unknown. Neutrophils have a high content of peptidyl deiminase 4 (PADI4), which citrullinate cationic peptidyl-arginines.

The responses of to different artificial queen rearing techniques.

In the current study, we investigated if any variations exist in acceptance rate of grafted larvae and quality of queens reared in different queen cell cup sizes, between wet and dry grafting and between queen right and queen less conditions of colonies. The acceptance rate of grafted larvae in different queen cell cup sizes (7.0 mm, 7.

Reproductive biology and morphology of (Apidae) queens and drones.

The current study aimed to investigate the important reproductive biology and morphology of queens and drones through measuring the weight of virgin and mated queens, size and weight of spermathecae, weight of ovaries, number of ovarioles, quantity and viability of semen in queen and drones. Accordingly, the average weights of 0.139 ± 0.

Allosteric AKT Inhibitors Target Synthetic Lethal Vulnerabilities in E-Cadherin-Deficient Cells.

The gene, encoding the cell adhesion protein E-cadherin, is one of the most frequently mutated genes in gastric cancer and inactivating germline mutations are responsible for hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome (HDGC). Using cell viability assays, we identified that breast (MCF10A) and gastric (NCI-N87) cells lacking expression are more sensitive to allosteric AKT inhibitors than their -expressing isogenic counterparts. Apoptosis priming and total apoptosis assays in the isogenic MCF10A cells confirmed the enhanced sensitivity of E-cadherin-null cells to the AKT inhibitors.

Animal Models Reflecting Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Related Respiratory Disorders: Translating Pre-Clinical Data into Clinical Relevance.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects the lives of an ever-growing number of people worldwide. The lack of understanding surrounding the pathophysiology of the disease and its progression has led to COPD becoming the third leading cause of death worldwide. COPD is incurable, with current treatments only addressing associated symptoms and sometimes slowing its progression, thus highlighting the need to develop novel treatments.

A high-throughput screen to identify novel synthetic lethal compounds for the treatment of E-cadherin-deficient cells.

The cell-cell adhesion protein E-cadherin (CDH1) is a tumor suppressor that is required to maintain cell adhesion, cell polarity and cell survival signalling. Somatic mutations in CDH1 are common in diffuse gastric cancer (DGC) and lobular breast cancer (LBC). In addition, germline mutations in CDH1 predispose to the autosomal dominant cancer syndrome Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer (HDGC).

Stories of Patient Involvement Impact in Health Technology Assessments: A Discussion Paper.

Objectives: As more health technology assessment (HTA) bodies seek to implement patient involvement, there is a desire to learn from other HTA bodies about their experiences and understand what approaches can be used and which ones make a real difference to HTA. This is difficult, as the impact of patient involvement in HTA is not well documented. This study aims to promote further discussion about the ways in which patient involvement can impact HTAs by studying stories of impact.