Giant Complex Odontoma of the Posterior Mandible: A Case Report.

Complex odontoma is a benign odontogenic tumor composed of disorganized dental tissues, including enamel, dentin, cementum, and pulp. Unlike compound odontomas, which exhibit tooth-like structures, complex odontomas form a mass without anatomical organization. These tumors frequently present without symptoms and are typically identified inadvertently during standard dental imaging procedures.

Identification of CKX gene family in Morus indica cv K2 and functional characterization of MiCKX4 during abiotic stress.

Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) is the key enzyme that has been observed to catalyze irreversible inactivation of cytokinins and thus modulate cytokinin levels in plants. CKX gene family is known to have few members which are, expanded in the genome mainly due to duplication events. A total of nine MiCKXs were identified in Morus indica cv K2 with almost similar gene structures and conserved motifs and domains.

An auxin regulated Universal stress protein (TaUSP_3B-1) interacts with TaGolS and provides tolerance under drought stress and ER stress.

A previously identified wheat drought stress responsive Universal stress protein, TaUSP_3B-1 has been found to work in an auxin dependent manner in the plant root tissues in the differentiation zone. We also found a novel interacting partner, TaGolS, which physically interacts with TaUSP_3B-1 and colocalizes in the endoplasmic reticulum. TaGolS is a key enzyme in the RFO (Raffinose oligosaccharides) biosynthesis which is well reported to provide tolerance under water deficit conditions.

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury released cellular fibronectin containing domain A (CFN-EDA): A destructive positive loop amplifying arterial thrombosis formation and exacerbating myocardial reperfusion injury.

Previous research has identified intravascular platelet thrombi in regions affected by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury and neighbouring areas. However, the occurrence of arterial thrombosis in the context of MI/R injury remains unexplored. This study utilizes intravital microscopy to investigate carotid artery thrombosis during MI/R injury in rats, establishing a connection with the presence of prothrombotic cellular fibronectin containing extra domain A (CFN-EDA) protein.

Identification of universal stress proteins in wheat and functional characterization during abiotic stress.

TaUSPs are localized in Endoplasmic reticulum and form homo and hetero dimers within themselves. They play significant role in multiple abiotic stress responses in yeast heterologous system and in plants. Universal Stress Proteins are stress responsive proteins present in a variety of life forms ranging from bacteria to multicellular plants and animals.

Colistin potentiation in multidrug-resistant by a non-cytotoxic guanidine derivative of silver.

A novel nano-formulation (NF) that sensitizes (AB) to otherwise ineffective colistin is described in the present study. Infections due to multidrug resistant (MDR) AB represent a major therapeutic challenge, especially in situations of pre-existing colistin resistance (colR). Subsequently, boosting the effectiveness of colistin would be a better alternative tactic to treat AB infections rather than discovering a new class of antibiotics.

Awareness of the Malaria Vaccine in India.

Background: Malaria remains a serious public health problem in India. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), as per the 2021 report, India accounts for 83% of malaria cases in Southeast Asia. Various interventions have been implemented to control malaria's burden in India.

The 2021 SIIM-FISABIO-RSNA Machine Learning COVID-19 Challenge: Annotation and Standard Exam Classification of COVID-19 Chest Radiographs.

We describe the curation, annotation methodology, and characteristics of the dataset used in an artificial intelligence challenge for detection and localization of COVID-19 on chest radiographs. The chest radiographs were annotated by an international group of radiologists into four mutually exclusive categories, including "typical," "indeterminate," and "atypical appearance" for COVID-19, or "negative for pneumonia," adapted from previously published guidelines, and bounding boxes were placed on airspace opacities. This dataset and respective annotations are available to researchers for academic and noncommercial use.

Assessing Public Awareness of the Malaria Vaccine in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Background: Malaria infection remains one of the leading causes of death in sub-Saharan Africa. Over the years, several measures have been implemented for the prevention of malaria, including vector control with insecticide-treated nets, indoor residual spraying, and seasonal or traveling prophylactics. In 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) approved the use of the malaria vaccine in children.

Azadirachta indica A. Juss bark extract and its Nimbin isomers restrict β-coronaviral infection and replication.

Emerging mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome pose a challenge for vaccine development and antiviral therapy. The antiviral efficacy of Azadirachta indica bark extract (NBE) was assessed against SARS-CoV-2 and m-CoV-RSA59 infection. Effects of in vivo intranasal or oral NBE administration on viral load, inflammatory response, and histopathological changes were assessed in m-CoV-RSA59-infection.

Recent Advances and a Roadmap to Aptamer-Based Sensors for Bloodstream Infections.

The present review is intended to describe bloodstream infections (BSIs), the major pathogens responsible for BSIs, conventional tests and their limitations, commercially available methods used, and the aptamer and nanomaterials-based approaches developed so far for the detection of BSIs. The advantages associated with aptamers and the aptamer-based sensors, the comparison between the aptamers and the antibodies, and the various types of aptasensors developed so far for the detection of bloodstream infections have been described in detail in the present review. Also, the future outlook and roadmap toward aptamer-based sensors and the challenges associated with the aptamer development have also been concluded in this review.

Electrochemical Multiplexed Paper Nanosensor for Specific Dengue Serotype Detection Predicting Pervasiveness of DHF/DSS.

The serotype-specific early detection of dengue fever is very effective in predicting the pervasiveness of fatal infections such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). This fever results from reinfection (secondary) with a serotype of the dengue virus, which is different from the serotype involved in primary infection. Hence, the present work was aimed to develop a multiplexed electrochemical paper-based analytical device (ePAD) consisting of graphene oxide-silicon dioxide (GO-SiO) nanocomposites to detect the specific type of dengue virus (DENV).

Paper based point of care immunosensor for the impedimetric detection of cardiac troponin I biomarker.

Advancements in health care monitoring demand a rapid, accurate and reliable early diagnosis of "Heart Attack" (acute myocardial infarction) with an objective to develop a cost-effective, rapid and label-free point of care diagnostic test kit for the detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) on paper-based multi-frequency impedimetric transducers. Paper based sensing platforms were developed by integrating carboxyl group functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with antibodies of cardiac troponin I (anti-cTnI) biomarker and was characterized using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Various concentrations of cTnI with anti cTnI were studied as a function of impedance change.

Prussian blue nanocubes/carbon nanospheres heterostructure composite for biosensing of metformin.

This paper reports the fabrication of highly sensitive metformin sensor based on Prussian blue (PB) nanocubes/carbon nanosphere (CNS) heterostructures composed of a perfect cube and spherical composite on a fluorine-doped tin oxide surface. Due to the excellent biocompatibility of PB nanocubes the PB/CNS based Mf sensor exhibited a wide linear range of 0.001-10 mM with a response duration of less than 5 s and a detection limit (based on signal to noise ratio) of 0.

Comparative analysis of single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes for electrochemical sensing of glucose on gold printed circuit boards.

In the present work, a comparative study was performed between single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes coated gold printed circuit board electrodes for glucose detection. Various characterization techniques were demonstrated in order to compare the modified electrodes viz. cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chrono-amperometry.

Detection of chikungunya virus DNA using two-dimensional MoS nanosheets based disposable biosensor.

Development of platforms for a reliable, rapid, sensitive and selective detection of chikungunya virus (CHIGV) is the need of the hour in developing countries. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports available for the electrochemical detection of CHIGVDNA. Therefore, we aim at developing a biosensor based on molybdenum disulphide nanosheets (MoS NSs) for the point-of-care diagnosis of CHIGV.

Portable bioactive paper based genosensor incorporated with Zn-Ag nanoblooms for herpes detection at the point-of-care.

The present work describes the fabrication of an electrochemical paper-based analytical device (EPAD) integrated with Zn-Ag nanoblooms for detection of herpes in human, caused by Herpes virus 5(HHV-5) DNA, at the point of care. The cyclic voltammetry(CV) was used for electrochemical detection of the HHV-5 DNA in infected patient samples. The EPAD exihibited optimum current response within 5s at pH7.

Hydrothermally synthesized zinc oxide nanorods incorporated on lab-on-paper device for electrochemical detection of recreational drug.

This paper reports an electrochemical paper analytical device (EPAD) for detection of recreational drug; methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). MDMA is used as an addictive narcotic by youth and there is an urgent need to detect this drug as it is a potential neurotoxic agent. The proposed EPAD represents many advantageous features of being simple, low-cost, consistent and disposable.

Detection of alprazolam with a lab on paper economical device integrated with urchin like Ag@ Pd shell nano-hybrids.

We present results of the studies relating to fabrication of a microfluidic biosensor chip based on urchin like Ag@ Pd shell nano-hybrids that is capable of sensing alprazolam through electrochemical detection. Using this chip we demonstrate, with high reliability and in a time efficient manner, the detection of alprazolam present in buffer solutions at clinically relevant concentrations. Methylene blue (MB) was also doped as redox transition substance for sensing alprazolam.

Lab on paper chip integrated with Si@GNRs for electroanalysis of diazepam.

We describe herein the fabrication of an electrochemical microfluidic paper based device (EμPAD) for the detection of diazepam, a sedative, anxiety-relieving and muscle-relaxing drug. To achieve it, silica coated gold nanorods (Si@GNRs) were synthesized and drop casted on an electrochemical microfluidic paper based device (EμPAD) for the detection of diazepam. The synthesized composites were characterized by recording its images in scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM).

A genosensor for detection of consensus DNA sequence of Dengue virus using ZnO/Pt-Pd nanocomposites.

An electrochemical genosensor based on Zinc oxide/platinum-palladium (ZnO/Pt-Pd) modified fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass plate was fabricated for detection of consensus DNA sequence of Dengue virus (DENV) using methylene blue (MB) as an intercalating agent. To achieve it, probe DNA (PDNA) was immobilized on the surface of ZnO/Pt-Pd nanocomposites modified FTO electrode. The synthesized nano-composites were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy.

A Comparative Study of Liquid Nitrogen Cryotherapy as Monotherapy versus in Combination with Podophyllin in the Treatment of Condyloma Acuminata.

Introduction: Condyloma Acuminata (CA) is a common viral sexually transmitted disease. Although various treatment modalities are available for treating CA, but none of them can achieve 100% response rate. In a search for better response rate and less recurrence rate, the combination of cytotoxic agent Podophyllin with ablative liquid nitrogen cryotherapy was evaluated over cryotherapy alone.

Impedimetric genosensor for detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV1) DNA using viral probe on methylene blue doped silica nanoparticles.

An impedimetric genosensor was fabricated for detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 in serum, based on hybridization of the probe with complementary target cDNA from sample. To achieve it, probe DNA complementary to HCVgene was immobilized on the surface of methylene blue (MB) doped silica nanoparticles MB@SiNPs) modified fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode. The synthesized MB@SiNPs was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern.

Graphene nanoflakes on transparent glass electrode sensor for electrochemical sensing of anti-diabetic drug.

Metformin (Mf) plays a major role in controlling insulin level of individuals at risk of developing diabetes mellitus. Overdose of Mf can cause lactic acidosis, diarrhoea, cough, or hoarseness, etc. These particulars point out the identification for selective and sensitive methods of Mf determination.

An enzyme free Vitamin C augmented sensing with different ZnO morphologies on SnO2/F transparent glass electrode: A comparative study.

Three types of Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures viz. ZnO nanocrystals (ZnONCs), ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and ZnO nanobelts (ZnONBs) were synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR and SEM. A comparison of signal amplification by these ZnO nanostructures as judged by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) revealed that ZnONCs are better sensing interface for electrochemical detection.