Performance characteristics of the point-of-care tests for HPV-based cervical cancer screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: We aimed to conduct an updated and comprehensive summary of the sensitivity and specificity of three human papillomavirus (HPV) point-of-care (POC) tests (careHPV™, oncoE6™ cervical test, Xpert® HPV) to guide resource-constrained countries for their implementation in cervical cancer screening.

Methods: Databases including Medline, Embase, Web of Science and cumulated index in nursing and allied health literature (CINAHL) were searched between January 2004 and October 2024. Observational studies analyzing the three tests for cervical cancer screening were included.

Risk management in a clinical pathology laboratory: Application of brainstorming and probability analysis for risk reduction.

Introduction: Risk management includes identifying various risks, assessing the probability of occurrence, and evaluating the severity of their consequences. As clinical laboratories are integrally involved in patient care, risks in the laboratories could present grave consequences in some instances. This study aimed to utilize simple techniques for risk management in a clinical laboratory.

Forecasting demand for blood products: Towards inventory management of a perishable product.

Forecasting consumption of blood products can reduce their order frequency by 60% and inventory level by 40%. This also prevents shortage by balancing demand and supply. The study aimed to establish a "Simple Average with Mean Annual Increment" (SAMAI) method of time series forecasting and to compare its results with those of ARIMA, ratio to trend, and simple average to forecast demand of blood products.

Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and β-catenin in Colorectal Carcinoma and its Correlation with Tumor Grade and Stage.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered the result of the cumulative effect of multiple mutations within the cell that allow it to escape growth control and regulatory mechanisms. EGFR overexpression has been suggested as a factor of poor prognosis in various cancers. β-catenin plays a role in the Wnt signaling pathway of colorectal cancers.

Link between human ABO blood groups with diseases influencing blood donors and recipients frequency at RBTC, Delhi, India.

Blood groups had associations with many diseases that affect blood transfusion services by increasing or decreasing the blood demand of particular blood group. The present study was designed to compare the frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups among blood donors and blood component recipients. The ABO and Rh(D) blood groups of donors and recipients were determined using Gel card method.

Prevalence of TTI among Indian blood donors.

Transfusion Transmissible Infections (TTIs) such as human immune-deficiency virus (HIV-I/II), hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Malaria parasite (MP) and syphilis can spread through contaminated blood or blood products. The present study was designed to analyze the prevalence of TTIs and their association with blood group, among the blood donors of Delhi. Blood group was determined by hem-agglutination using Gel card.

Perception of Current and Future Commitment of Medical Teachers to the Varied Roles of a Teacher: An Observational Study.

Background Medical education is gradually moving towards self-directed learning, thus the roles of a teacher have assumed wider dimensions than before. The awareness of these roles among medical teachers has been studied in several countries, but no study on the awareness of these roles among Indian medical faculty has been found. The aim of this research was to assess the current and future commitment perception of the roles of a teacher among Indian medical faculty.

Alloantibody among Thalassemia patients receiving multiple blood transfusions at a tertiary care hospital in India.

Regular blood transfusion is a lifesaving treatment for thalassemia patients; however, it exposes them to multiple alloantigens. The present study was designed to assess the frequency of alloantibodies in thalassemia patients receiving multiple blood transfusions. Blood samples were tested by Gel card method for ABO, Rh, Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT), Indirect Antiglobulin Test (IAT), Auto Control (AC) and presence of alloantibody.

Phenotype, allele and genotype frequency distribution of ABO and Rh(D) blood group among blood donors attending regional blood transfusion centre in Delhi, India.

The ABO and Rh blood group phenotypes, alleles, and genotype frequencies have many biological and medical implications. The frequency differs broadly according to races, geographical borders and ethnicity, even within the same region. This study was designed to determine the frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups among blood donors attending the regional blood transfusion centre in Delhi.

Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on blood transfusion service: an experience from a regional blood transfusion center.

The unforeseen and uncertain life-threatening situation of the COVID-19 pandemic dramatically affected all areas of the human daily work schedule. This study was designed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on blood transfusion services and discuss the adopted confrontation measures for uninterrupted blood supply during the pandemic situation. The data on blood donation, blood component preparation, and issue from January 2019 to December 2022 were collected from the inventory registers of the RBTC, Delhi, India.

Artificial Intelligence-driven Digital Cytology-based Cervical Cancer Screening: Is the Time Ripe to Adopt This Disruptive Technology in Resource-constrained Settings? A Literature Review.

Cervical cancer is still a public health scourge in the developing countries due to the lack of organized screening programs. Though liquid-based cytology methods improved the performance of cervical cytology, the interpretation still suffers from subjectivity. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have offered objectivity leading to better sensitivity and specificity of cervical cancer screening.

Stromal microenvironment namely angiogenesis, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and matrix metalloproteinase in invasive breast carcinoma: Do they have a prognostic role?

Background: The role of stromal microenvironment in growth, invasiveness, and metastatic potential of breast carcinoma (BC) is being recognized increasingly, both to predict prognosis and as potential therapeutic targets. The present study aimed to evaluate the correlation of angiogenesis, tumor-associated lymphocytes, and stromal CD10 expression with clinicopathologic parameters.

Materials And Methods: This study included 100 consecutive cases of invasive BC undergoing modified radical mastectomy.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and outcome of cervical lesions and high-risk HPV in women living with HIV (WLHIV): A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Collating evidence on the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the outcome of cervical lesions or human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among women living with HIV (WLHIV) is essential to inform cervical cancer prevention in this vulnerable group.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies that were conducted between January 1, 1996 and January 31, 2022 and reported on the association of HAART with any of the outcomes: incidence, progression, or regression of cervical lesions or acquisition or clearance of HPV infection in WLHIV. Random-effect analysis was used for summary statistics and heterogeneity was assessed through I statistic.

Concurrent Cervical and Anal High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection in Women Living With HIV: An Observational Case-Control Study.

Background: To evaluate the prevalence and correlates of concurrent uterine cervical and anal HR-HPV infections in women living with HIV (WLHIV).

Setting: A cross-sectional study was undertaken at a tertiary care hospital and linked ART center.

Methods: One hundred and forty-one WLHIV and 161 HIV-negative women were enrolled for cervical and anal cytology as well as HR-HPV testing using the HC2 method.

High Prevalence of Cervical High-Grade Lesions and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infections in Women Living with HIV: A Case for Prioritizing Cervical Screening in This Vulnerable Group.

Introduction: Women living with HIV (WLHIV) are at an increased risk of developing cervical precancerous lesions and cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of cervical lesions and high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection in WLHIV in comparison to the HIV-negative women undergoing opportunistic screening. In addition, these findings among WLHIV were correlated with the clinic-demographic factors.

Anal cytological abnormalities and human papillomavirus infection in women living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To provide a summary estimate of the prevalence of anal cytological abnormalities and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection as well as their covariates in women living with HIV (WLHIV).

Methods: Four databases - PubMed, Cochrane Library, ProQuest and Web of Science - were searched up to 31 May 2021 for studies reporting on the prevalence and/or covariates of abnormal anal cytology and/or anal HPV infection in WLHIV. The data were extracted independently by two authors using standardized extraction forms.

A case report of small round cell tumor of palm: A difficult code to decipher on cytology.

Introduction: Small round cell tumors (SRCT) are difficult to sub categorise on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) samples as they are rare and it is difficult for cytopathologists to obtain enough experience for rendering reliable diagnoses. Various sub categories of SRCTs are morphologically very similar. Many SRCTs do not have specific antigens which could be demonstrated with immunocytochemistry (ICC) or they lose them when poorly differentiated.

Comparison of asynchronous and synchronous methods of online teaching for students of medical laboratory technology course: A cross-sectional analysis.

Background: In the wake of the novel coronavirus pandemic, the closure of educational institutions has imposed a situation of potential gap in learning. Since training of medical and paramedical students is vital in creation of our army of these frontline health-care workers, this study was aimed at comparing the asynchronous and synchronous methods of online teaching for imparting training to students of medical laboratory technology (MLT).

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study included 33 students of the 1-year batch of MLT course at a tertiary level hospital.

Optimization of Man Power Deployment for Covid-19 Screening in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Study of Utility of Queuing Analysis.

Objectives: The recent Covid-19 pandemic has burdened the healthcare facilities, especially in the presence of limited infrastructure. We aimed at applying a queuing model to the Covid-19 screening area so as to optimize the screening services and ensuring that no patient is refused the service.

Methods: The mean arrival time of patients, number of physicians, mean screening time and queue characteristics were observed and entered in the M/M/c/K queuing model using R programming to optimize the number of physicians required in the screening area.

Role of Red Cell Indices in Screening for Beta Thalassemia Trait: an Assessment of the Individual Indices and Application of Machine Learning Algorithm.

Antenatal screening for beta thalassemia trait (BTT) followed by counseling of couples is an efficient way of thalassemia control. Since high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is costly, other cost-effective screening methods need to be devised for this purpose. The present study was aimed at evaluating the utility of red cell indices and machine learning algorithms including an artificial neural network (ANN) in detection of BTT among antenatal women.

The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology: An outcome of retrospective application to three years' cytology data of a tertiary care hospital.

Objectives: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the salivary gland lesions has diverse and sometimes overlapping features that pose a diagnostic challenge for the cytopathologists. The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) has been introduced to bring uniformity in the reporting of salivary gland FNAC and improve the clinic-pathologic communication resulting in better patient management. The aim of the present study was to assess the application of the MSRSGC on FNAC specimens of salivary gland lesions at a tertiary care hospital.

Codetection of pulmonary tuberculosis and toxoplasmosis in a pediatric bronchoalveolar lavage specimen: A cytologist's assistance to clinical management.

Background: Toxoplasmosis causes serious and sometimes life-threatening disease in immunocompromised patients like organ transplant recipients, immunodeficiency disorders or HIV-infected individuals. The co-occurrence of toxoplasmosis in a respiratory sample harboring tuberculosis (TB) may be missed especially in an area endemic for the latter infection.

Case Report: A 10-year-old child presented with complaints of fever with loss of appetite and weight.

Incidental detection of microfilaria in cyst fluid of Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of ovary: A rare case report.

Introduction: Filariasis is a major health problem in certain parts of India. Microfilaria detection on exfoliative and fluid cytology is extremely rare and it is even very rare to find microfilaria coexistent with neoplastic lesions.

Presentation Of Case: A 45-year-old nulliparous female, who presented with complaints of lower abdominal swelling and pain.

Middle ear adenoma with neuroendocrine differentiation: Report of a rare case.

Middle ear adenoma with neuroendocrine differentiation (MEA-ND) is also called as neuroendocrine adenoma. Neuroendocrine tumors are rarely seen in the head and neck region and are even more rare in the middle ear. Clinical and radiological findings are non-specific and seldom suggest this diagnosis.

Chronic calculus cholecystitis: Is histopathology essential post-cholecystectomy?

Background: Carcinoma of the gall bladder (GB) is the most common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract. One percent of cholecystectomy specimens show incidental gall bladder cancers (GBCs).

Aim: Our aim of the study to was evaluate the utility of routine histopathology of cholecystectomy specimens removed with a diagnosis of gall bladder diseases (GBD).