Effects of quenched disorder on the kinetics and pathways of phase transition in a soft colloidal system.

Although impurities are unavoidable in real-world and experimental systems, most numerical studies on nucleation focus on pure (impurity-free) systems. As a result, the role of impurities in phase transitions remains poorly understood, especially for systems with complex free energy landscapes featuring one or more intermediate metastable phases. In this study, we employed Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the effects of static impurities (quenched disorder) of varying length scales and surface morphologies on the crystal nucleation mechanism and kinetics in the Gaussian core model system-a representative model for soft colloidal systems.

Therapeutic potential of chrysin in regulation of interleukin-17 signaling in a repeated intranasal amyloid-beta-induced Alzheimer's disease model.

: The aim of the current study was to study the therapeutic potential of chrysin against repeated intranasal amyloid-beta (Aβ)-induced interleukin-17 (IL-17) signaling in a mouse model of AD. : Male BALB/c mice were daily exposed to intranasal Aβ (10 μg/10 μL) for seven consecutive days. Chrysin was orally administered at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg kg in 0.

Comparison of Direct Laryngoscopy With McCoy Blade and BPL Video Laryngoscopy for Intubation in Patients Undergoing Elective Cervical Spine Surgery.

Background: For patients having cervical spine instability, stabilization of the neck is crucial to prevent further damage to the spinal cord, which can make laryngoscopy challenging. Specialized tools like McCoy blade direct laryngoscope (Surgitech, India) and BPL video laryngoscope (BPL Medical Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

Coherence vortices by binary pinholes.

Singularity in a two-point complex coherence function, known as coherence vortices, represents zero visibility with a helical phase structure. In this paper, we introduce a novel technique to generate the coherence vortices of different topological charges by incoherent source transmittance with exotic structured binary pinholes. The binary pinhole structures have been realized by lithography, followed by wet etching methods.

A Comparative Study of Intrathecal Hyperbaric Bupivacaine With Fentanyl Versus Intrathecal Hyperbaric Bupivacaine With Dexmedetomidine Administered Sequentially for Lower Limb Orthopaedic Surgeries: A Prospective Randomised Double-Blind Study.

Background:  The subarachnoid block is the predominant and relatively safe approach during lower limb orthopaedic operations. When used as an additive to intrathecal local anaesthetic, both fentanyl and dexmedetomidine can extend the duration of sensory and motor blockade and improve postoperative analgesia.

Objectives:  The objective of this study is to assess and compare the efficacy of sequential administration of fentanyl and dexmedetomidine alongside 0.

Exploring genetic diversity of potential legume, Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi and Ohashi through agro-morphological traits and SSR markers analysis.

Adzuki bean, an underutilized grain legume, has a significant potential for enhancing food and nutritional security. The main obstacles to developing new cultivars and promoting the adzuki bean as a mainstream pulse crop are a lack of awareness about its potential and insufficient information on crop its genetic diversity. Here, we aimed to explore the untapped potential of adzuki bean germplasm by evaluating its agro-morphological traits and diversity at the molecular level and also to identify trait-specific germplasm by utilizing 100 adzuki bean accessions conserved in the Indian National Genebank.

Protective Effects of NRF2 Activator Sulforaphane in Polyinosinic:Polycytidylic Acid-Induced In Vitro and In Vivo Model.

NRF2 is a nuclear transcription factor involved in the cellular protection against oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling. Sulforaphane is a known NRF2 activator used for its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity through regulation of Keap-1-HO-1 pathway. However, there is a limited exploration about the role of NRF2 activator, sulforaphane in regulation of poly(I:C)-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and injury in lung.

The NF-κB-HE4 axis: A novel regulator of HE4 secretion in ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynecologic malignancies. Despite recent advancements in targeted therapies such as PARP inhibitors, recurrence is common and frequently resistant to existing therapies. A powerful diagnostic tool, coupled with a comprehensive understanding of its implications, is crucial.

IL-17A-Induced Redox Imbalance and Inflammatory Responses in Mice Lung via Act1-TRAF6-IKBα Signaling Pathway: Implications for Lung Disease Pathogenesis.

IL-17A is a potent proinflammatory cytokine that plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various lung diseases. This study focused on the evaluation of the role of IL-17 receptor signaling through one-week intranasal exposure of IL-17A in lung tissues of BALB/c mice. IL-17A triggered inflammatory responses in the mice lungs and led to changes in the morphological alveolar arrangements.

Targeting IL-1/IRAK1/4 signaling in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells Following Treatment and Relapse.

Therapies for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) face formidable challenges due to relapse, often driven by leukemia stem cells (LSCs). Strategies targeting LSCs hold promise for enhancing outcomes, yet paired comparisons of functionally defined LSCs at diagnosis and relapse remain underexplored. We present transcriptome analyses of functionally defined LSC populations at diagnosis and relapse, revealing significant alterations in IL-1 signaling.

Deficits in Pre- and Post-transplant Functional, Motor, and Cognitive Deficits Associated With Graft Failure and Mortality in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients.

Background: Pretransplant functional, motor, cognitive, and academic deficits are common in pediatric patients requiring heart transplantation (HT); some persist post-HT. We assessed the association between these quality of life (QoL) deficits and post-HT outcomes.

Methods: Using SRTR data 2008-2023, we evaluated the functional, motor, cognitive, and academic status of pediatric HT recipients from listing to 15 years post-HT.

Chromosome-level genome assembly and functional annotation of Citrullus colocynthis: unlocking genetic resources for drought-resilient crop development.

The chromosome-level genome assembly of Citrullus colocynthis reveals its genetic potential for enhancing drought tolerance, paving the way for innovative crop improvement strategies. This study presents the first comprehensive genome assembly and annotation of Citrullus colocynthis, a drought-tolerant wild close relative of cultivated watermelon, highlighting its potential for enhancing agricultural resilience to climate change. The study achieved a chromosome-level assembly using advanced sequencing technologies, including PacBio HiFi and Hi-C, revealing a genome size of approximately 366 Mb with low heterozygosity and substantial repetitive content.

Sensory Neuronopathies: Clinical Presentation, Management, and Outcome.

Background And Objectives: Sensory neuronopathies (SNNs) are a rare group of pure sensory disorders causing asymmetrical, multifocal pattern of sensory loss with distinct clinical and electrophysiological features. We aimed to study the clinical features and etiology and share the experience of treating SNN from our center.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over 3 years.

A squalene oil emulsified MPL-A and anti-CD200/CD300a antibodies adjuvanted whole-killed Leishmania vaccine provides durable immunity against L. donovani parasites.

Antigenic inefficacy to induce robust immune responses and durable memory are major causes of constantly failing prophylactic approaches in leishmaniasis. Here, we determine the potential of a standardized whole-killed Leishmania vaccine (Leishvacc) adjuvanted with anti-CD200 and anti-CD300a antibodies, either alone or with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL-SE) emulsified in squalene oil, in restoring the compromised antigen presenting abilities of dendritic cells (DCs), effector properties of CD4T cells and providing protection against Leishmania donovani parasites. In animals vaccinated with antibodies adjuvanted vaccines, either alone or with MPL-SE, the antigen presenting abilities of CD11c DCs against Leishmania antigens, measured in terms of CD80, CD86, MHC-I, and MHC-II surface receptors and intracellular IL-12 were found enhanced than non-adjuvanted vaccine.

Exploring the role of Aspergillus galactomannan antigen in assessing the risk factor of acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a cross-sectional study.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by permanent airflow obstruction due to abnormalities of the airways and alveoli. This study investigated the potential role of Aspergillus species in acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) and evaluated the diagnostic utility of serum Aspergillus galactomannan antigen. This cross-sectional study, carried out at the Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research from January 2021 to June 2022, involved COPD patients aged ≥40 years.

Roadmap on computational methods in optical imaging and holography [invited].

Unlabelled: Computational methods have been established as cornerstones in optical imaging and holography in recent years. Every year, the dependence of optical imaging and holography on computational methods is increasing significantly to the extent that optical methods and components are being completely and efficiently replaced with computational methods at low cost. This roadmap reviews the current scenario in four major areas namely incoherent digital holography, quantitative phase imaging, imaging through scattering layers, and super-resolution imaging.

Computational investigation of the effects of polymer grafting on the effective interaction between silica nanoparticles in water.

Understanding and control of the effective interaction between nanoscale building blocks (colloids or nanoparticles) dispersed in a solvent is an important prerequisite for the development of bottom-up design strategies for soft functional materials. Here, we have employed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the impact of polymer grafting on the solvent-mediated effective interaction between the silica nanoparticles (Si-NPs) in water, and in turn, on its bulk structural and thermodynamic properties. We found that the nature of the short grafting polymers [characterized by their interaction with water (hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity) and molecular weight] has a profound effect on the range and strength of the effective interaction between the Si-NPs.

Core outcome sets for trials of interventions to prevent and to treat multimorbidity in adults in low and middle-income countries: the COSMOS study.

Introduction: The burden of multimorbidity is recognised increasingly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), creating a strong emphasis on the need for effective evidence-based interventions. Core outcome sets (COS) appropriate for the study of multimorbidity in LMICs do not presently exist. These are required to standardise reporting and contribute to a consistent and cohesive evidence-base to inform policy and practice.

Long-Term Outcomes of Heart Failure With Preserved or Mid-Range Ejection Fraction in the United States.

Background: Approximately one-half of all heart failure (HF) consists of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF). Although several recent trials have investigated treatments for HFpEF/HFmrEF, there is limited insight on the long-term clinical trajectory of this population.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to model clinical outcomes in patients with symptomatic (NYHA functional class II-IV) HFpEF/HFmrEF over 10 years.

Fetal Right Heart Strain in Systemic Right Ventricles and Impact on Post-surgical Outcomes.

Patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and its variants rely on the right ventricle (RV) to provide cardiac output. Diminished RV systolic function has been associated with poor clinical outcomes in this population. Echocardiographic strain has emerged as a useful method to quantify RV deformation.

Quercetin ameliorates neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative biomarkers in the brain and improves neurobehavioral parameters in a repeated intranasal amyloid-beta exposed model of Alzheimer's disease.

: The aim of the present study was to study the potential therapeutic effects of quercetin in protection against repeated intranasal exposure of an amyloid-beta-induced mouse model. : Mice received intranasal Aβ (5 μg/10 μL) exposure once daily for seven consecutive days. Quercetin was orally administered to them at 30 mg kg and 100 mg kg doses for one week starting from day five following Aβ peptide administration.

A comparative analysis of mycobacterial ribonucleases: Towards a therapeutic novel drug target.

Bacterial responses to continuously changing environments are addressed through modulation of gene expression at the level of transcription initiation, RNA processing and/or decay. Ribonucleases (RNases) are hydrolytic or phosphorolytic enzymes involved in a majority of RNA metabolism reactions. RNases play a crucial role in RNA degradation, either independently or in collaboration with various trans-acting regulatory factors.

Evaluating Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Glucose Levels in Pancreatic Cyst Fluid for Mucinous Versus Non-mucinous Differentiation.

Background: A more precise identification of mucinous cysts will lower the likelihood of needless pancreatic surgery. Pancreatic cyst fluid (PCF) contains glucose and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), which serve as biomarkers to differentiate mucinous from non-mucinous pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCNs).

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of combined CEA and glucose levels in PCF for distinguishing mucinous from non-mucinous PCNs preoperatively.