Ionised calcium levels during trauma resuscitation in predicting outcomes-a prospective cohort study.

Background: Haemorrhage remains the leading cause of preventable mortality following trauma, often aggravated by the acidosis, hypothermia and coagulopathy-the lethal triad of trauma. However, the impact of trauma-induced hypocalcemia on the haemorrhage remains unclear. It is intuitive to consider perturbations of ionised calcium early during trauma resuscitation in acutely injured patients given its pathophysiological significance for an improved outcome.

Life expectancy and health care spending in South Asia: An econometric analysis.

Affordable health care is often a result of increased government spending on the health sector. Out-of-pocket expenses remain the primary health care funding source in many South Asian nations. Lack of adequate public funding for health services, difficulty in obtaining health insurance, and high out-of-pocket costs can result in indebtedness, reductions in actual consumption, and decreased access to health care services.

Burden of Vitamin D and Vitamin B12 Deficiency among Older Patients in North India: a Single-Centre Study.

Objectives: Vitamin D and B12 deficiency in older adults is associated with osteoporosis and dementia, respectively. The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D and B12 deficiency among older patients, assess gender-specific differences and analyse seasonal variations in serum levels.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective hospital record-based study.

In silico studies on nicotinamide analogs as competitive inhibitors of nicotinamidase in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Nicotinamidase/PncA is a member of the hydrolase enzyme family, catalyzing the de-amidation of nicotinamide (NM) to nicotinic acid (NA) via salvage pathway. Products are fed into Preiss-Handler pathway for NAD biosynthesis which is an important enzyme cofactor and crucial for redox balance in microorganisms. Pathogens like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are NAD auxotroph and rely on their host environment for NAD precursors to synthesize NAD.

Rectal foreign body and its association with social stigma and mental health: A case report.

Introduction: Rectal foreign bodies (FB), as a cause of surgical emergency are on the rise. The management is usually uneventful but delays in presentation are associated with complications and morbidity. Psychiatric illnesses account for a vast majority of FB insertion cases which is usually overlooked.

A QbD-Navigated Approach to the Development and Evaluation of Etodolac-Phospholipid Complex Containing Polymeric Films for Improved Anti-Inflammatory Effect.

The current study focuses on development of phospholipid complex-loaded films of etodolac for enhanced transdermal permeation and anti-inflammatory effect. An etodolac-phospholipid complex was developed using the solvent evaporation method and was characterized by DSC, XRD, FTIR, and H-NMR studies. The formation of the complex led to conversion of a crystalline drug to an amorphous form.

COVID-19 Recovery Time and Its Predictors among Hospitalized Patients in Designated Hospitals in the Madhesh Province of Nepal: A Multicentric Study.

This study aimed to determine COVID-19 recovery time and identify predictors among hospitalized patients in the Dhanusha District of Madhesh Province, Nepal. This hospital-based longitudinal study involved 507 COVID-19 patients admitted to three distinct medical facilities for therapeutic intervention between April and October 2021. Data were collected for patient demography, symptoms, vital signs, oxygen saturation levels, temperatures, heart rates, respiratory rates, blood pressure measurements, and other health-related conditions.

Tolerating DNA damage by repriming: Gap filling in the spotlight.

Timely and accurate DNA replication is critical for safeguarding genome integrity and ensuring cell viability. Yet, this process is challenged by DNA damage blocking the progression of the replication machinery. To counteract replication fork stalling, evolutionary conserved DNA damage tolerance (DDT) mechanisms promote DNA damage bypass and fork movement.

Hybrid similarity based feature selection and cascade deep maxout fuzzy network for Autism Spectrum Disorder detection using EEG signal.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder that influences a person's comprehension and way of behaving. It is a lifetime disability that cannot be completely treated using any therapy up to date. Nevertheless, in time identification and continuous therapies have a huge effect on autism patients.

Identification of Novel Isatin Derivative Bearing a Nitrofuran Moiety as Potent Multi-Isoform Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitor.

Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are a family of enzymes that aid in detoxification and are overexpressed in several different malignancies. There is a correlation between increased expression of ALDH and a poor prognosis, stemness, and resistance to several drugs. Several ALDH inhibitors have been generated due to the crucial role that ALDH plays in cancer stem cells.

Biosynthesis, classification, properties, and applications of bacteriocins.

This review aims to comprehensively chronicle the biosynthesis, classification, properties, and applications of bacteriocins produced by genus strains, particularly emphasizing their potential benefits in food preservation, human health, and animal productivity. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are a class of microorganisms well-known for their beneficial role in food fermentation, probiotics, and human health. A notable property of LAB is that they can synthesize antimicrobial peptides known as bacteriocins that exhibit antimicrobial action against both closely related and other bacteria as well.

Large Area Film of Highly Crystalline, Cleavable, and Transferable Semi-Conducting 2D-Imine Covalent Organic Framework on Dielectric Glass Substrate.

Two dimensional (2D) imine-based covalent organic framework (COF), 2D-COF, is a newly emerging molecular 2D polymer with potential applications in thin film electronics, sensing, and catalysis. It is considered an ideal candidate due to its robust 2D nature and precise tunability of the electronic and functional properties. Herein, we report a scalable facile synthesis of 2D imine-COF with control over film thickness (ranging from 100 nm to a few monolayers) and film dimension reaching up to 2 cm on a dielectric (glass) substrate.

Understanding the social identity of adolescents in the Indigenous Kodava Community of India.

The social identity development of adolescents in marginalized communities across the globe holds paramount significance in determining the overall well-being of its future population. Focusing on one such community, the Kodavas, an Indigenous community in South India, this study aims to understand the shifting configurations of social identity based on the changing sociocultural structure and its implications on identity perception among the adolescents belonging to the Kodava community in Kodagu district in Karnataka, India. This study used a qualitative research design to develop an analytical framework of social identity formation and its transitions in the context of the Kodavas.

Treatment with nanosomal paclitaxel lipid suspension conventional paclitaxel in metastatic breast cancer patients - a multicenter, randomized, comparative, phase II/III clinical study.

Background: A novel nanosomal paclitaxel lipid suspension (NPLS), free from Cremophor EL (CrEL) and ethanol, was developed to address the solvent-related toxicities associated with conventional paclitaxel formulation.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of NPLS CrEL-based paclitaxel (conventional paclitaxel) in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

Design: A prospective, open-label, randomized, multiple-dose, parallel, phase II/III study.

Adding value to banana farming: Antibody production in post-harvest leaves.

Banana, a globally popular fruit, is widely cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical regions. After fruit harvest, remaining banana plant materials are low-value byproducts, mostly composted or used as fibre or for food packaging. As an aim to potentially increase farmer income, this study explored underutilised banana biomass as a novel plant tissue for production of a high-value product.

Machine-Learning-Driven High-Throughput Screening of Transition-Metal Atom Intercalated g-CN/MX (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se, Te) Heterostructures for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Rising global energy demand, accompanied by environmental concerns linked to conventional fossil fuels, necessitates a shift toward cleaner and sustainable alternatives. This study focuses on the machine-learning (ML)-driven high-throughput screening of transition-metal (TM) atom intercalated g-CN/MX (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se, Te) heterostructures to unravel the rich landscape of possibilities for enhancing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity. The stability of the heterostructures and the intercalation within the substrates are verified through adhesion and binding energies, showcasing the significant impact of chalcogenide selection on the interaction properties.

The relationship between severe hypertensive diseases of pregnancy and moderate-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Objective: Determine the association between severe hypertensive disease of pregnancy (HDP) with moderate-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants (< 31 weeks' gestation).

Study Design: Preterm birth cohort study of 693 mother-infant dyads. Severe HDP was defined as severe preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome or eclampsia.

Solitary Ileal Hemangioma in a 3-year-old Male.

Hemangiomas are rare small bowel tumors requiring a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. We present a case of ileal hemangioma in a 3-year-old male presenting with recurrent anemia. The patient was diagnosed with a contrast-enhanced computed tomography abdomen and managed surgically by resection and anastomosis.

Age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and its association with child and family characteristics in a tertiary care hospital in Malaysia.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder. Despite the absence of a cure, early diagnosis and intensive early intervention can improve the outcomes. However, little is known about the median age at ASD diagnosis in Malaysia or the child/family characteristics associated with early diagnosis.

Healthy eating encouragement and socio-demographic factors associated with cognitive development among pre-schoolers: a cross-sectional evaluation in Nepal.

Background: Cognitive development in pre-schoolers through healthy eating and socio-demographic support is crucial for their later lives. We investigated healthy eating encouragement, socio-demographic factors and their association with cognitive development in pre-schoolers.

Methods: Quantitative data were collected using a multi-stage random sampling between February and April 2021.

Accelerating In Silico Discovery of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Ethane/Ethylene and Propane/Propylene Separation: A Synergistic Approach Integrating Molecular Simulation, Machine Learning, and Active Learning.

Cryogenic distillation, a currently employed method for CH/CH and CH/CH mixture separation, is energy-intensive, prompting the research toward alternative technologies, including adsorbent-based separation. In this work, we combine machine learning (ML) technique with high-throughput screening to screen ∼23,000 hypothetical metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for paraffin (CH and CH) selective adsorbent separation. First, structure-based prescreening was employed to remove MOFs with undesired geometric properties.

The BRCA2 R2645G variant increases DNA binding and induces hyper-recombination.

BRCA2 tumor suppressor protein ensures genome integrity by mediating DNA repair via homologous recombination (HR). This function is executed in part by its canonical DNA binding domain located at the C-terminus (BRCA2CTD), the only folded domain of the protein. Most germline pathogenic missense variants are located in this highly conserved region which binds to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and to the acidic protein DSS1.

Polymerase iota plays a key role during translesion synthesis of UV-induced lesions in the absence of polymerase eta.

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) variant cells are deficient in the translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerase Polη (eta). This protein contributes to DNA damage tolerance, bypassing unrepaired UV photoproducts and allowing S-phase progression with minimal delay. In the absence of Polη, backup polymerases perform TLS of UV lesions.

INF2 and ROBO2 gene mutation in an Indian family with end stage renal failure and follow-up of renal transplantation.

Background: Accurate genetic diagnosis of end-stage renal disease patients with a family history of renal dysfunction is very essential. It not only helps in proper prognosis, but becomes crucial in designating donor for live related renal transplant. We here present a case of family with deleterious mutations in INF2 and ROBO2 and its importance of genetic testing before preparing for kidney transplantation.