Characterization and classification of pathogenic bacteria using native fluorescence and spectral deconvolution.

Identification and classification of pathogenic bacterial strains is of current interest for the early treatment of diseases. In this work, protein fluorescence from eight different pathogenic bacterial strains were characterized using steady state and time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The spectral deconvolution method was also employed to decompose the emission contribution from different intrinsic fluorophores and extracted various key parameters, such as intensity, emission maxima, emission line width of the fluorophores, and optical redox ratio.

Comparison and estimation of photoneutron dose produce between 10 MV flattened and unflattened beam in Elekta Versa HD™ medical linac.

Background: In a high-energy medical linear accelerator (linac), if the interaction of photon energy is higher than the neutron binding energy of high atomic material, it emits a neutron field through photonuclear (γ, n) reaction.

Aim: The current study, evaluates the photoneutron dose equivalent (PNDE) produced between the 10 MV flattened and unflattened beams as a function of field sizes in the Elekta Versa HD™ linac.

Materials And Methods: The PNDE produced from Versa linac was recorded along the patient plane using the bubble detector personal neutron dosimeter and from the measured PNDE values, the theoretical PNDE values were simulated for various field sizes using nonlinear least-squares curve-fitting as a function of a polynomial.

Chalcone derivatives' interaction with human serum albumin and cyclooxygenase-2.

Chalcone derivatives are an extremely valuable class of compounds, primarily due to the keto-ethylenic group, CO-CH[double bond, length as m-dash]CH-, they contain. Moreover, the presence of a reactive α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group confers upon them a broad range of pharmacological properties. Recent developments in heterocyclic chemistry have led to the synthesis of chalcone derivatives, which have been biologically investigated for their activity against certain diseases.

A biophysical approach of tyrphostin AG879 binding information in: bovine serum albumin, human ErbB2, c-RAF1 kinase, SARS-CoV-2 main protease and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2.

Viral infections cause significant health problems all over the world, and it is critical to develop treatments for these problems. Antivirals that target viral genome-encoded proteins frequently cause the virus to become more resistant to treatment. Because viruses rely on several cellular proteins and phosphorylation processes that are essential to their life cycle, drugs targeting host-based targets could be a viable treatment option.

Evaluation of photoneutron dose equivalent in 10 MV and 15 MV beams for wedge and open fields in the Elekta Versa HD linac.

In a high-energy medical linear accelerator (linac), if the interaction of photon energy is higher than the neutron binding energy of high atomic material, it emits a neutron field through a photonuclear reaction. The objective of this current study is to measure the photoneutron dose equivalent produces in a motorized wedge field and open field of 10 MV and 15 MV photon beams in Elekta Versa HD™ linac. The PNDE values were recorded at various positions along the patient plane using the Bubble Detector-Personal Neutron Dosimeter (BD-PND).

Time-resolved emission spectroscopy to elucidate the functional nature of heat-stable transcription factor.

A 22 kDa protein from Thermus thermophilus is characterised as a DNA binding transcription regulator and its function is established using the fluorescence spectroscopy technique. The steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy result shows significant binding of calf thymus DNA and protein molecule. To confirm, the DNA quenching effect in real-time, a time-resolved emission spectroscopy study was performed and the result shows good agreement with steady-state quenching analysis.

Pulsed laser deposition of nanostructured bioactive glass and hydroxyapatite coatings: Microstructural and electrochemical characterization.

Bioactive coatings on metallic implants promote osseointegration between bone and implant interfaces. A suitable coating enhances the life span of the implant and reduces the requirement of revision surgery. The coating process needs to be optimized such that it does not alter the bioactivity of the material.

Green synthesis of white light emitting carbon quantum dots: Fabrication of white fluorescent film and optical sensor applications.

In this work, we have reported on the facile synthesis of white light-emitting carbon quantum dots (CQD) from corncob by hydrothermal method. This CQD has a broad emission from 380 nm to 650 nm with high photoluminescence intensity even after three months of shelf-life and stable at variable pH conditions. The presence of Si and N impurities in the biomass gives a greater advantage in producing white light emission with high quantum yield (54%) and enhanced lifetime at ambient conditions.

Hybrid Ni-Boron Nitride Nanotube Magnetic Semiconductor-A New Material for Spintronics.

Here, we report the presence of ferromagnetism in hybrid nickel-boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) with an ordered structure, synthesized by chemical vapor deposition using elemental boron, nickel oxide as the catalyst, and ammonia gas as the source for nitrogen. In previous studies, the nanotubes were synthesized with two metal oxide catalysts, whereas here, only a single catalyst was used. The nanotube's structure was determined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.

Polarization gating technique extracts depth resolved fluorescence redox ratio in oral cancer diagnostics.

Mortality of oral cancer is often due to late diagnosis. Effective non-invasive diagnostic techniques may increase the survival rate based on an earlier diagnosis..

Chitosan mediated 5-Fluorouracil functionalized silica nanoparticle from rice husk for anticancer activity.

Herein, we have reported a cost-effective method of synthesizing highly efficient silica nanomaterial from rice husks for its application as a chemotherapeutic agent. Silica particle with two different sizes ~20 nm and ~40 nm were achieved from silica precursor obtained from rice husk. 5-Fluorouracil was functionalized onto the surface of silica nanoparticles by direct conjugation and chitosan mediated conjugation.

COVID-19: A promising cure for the global panic.

The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2, which is the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. The outbreak of COVID-19 is wreaking havoc worldwide due to inadequate risk assessment regarding the urgency of the situation. The COVID-19 pandemic has entered a dangerous new phase.

Enhanced Emission of Zinc Nitride Colloidal Nanoparticles with Organic Dyes for Optical Sensors and Imaging Application.

Herein, we have reported on the efficiency of inorganic ZnN nanoparticles for labeling plant cells and animal cells toward imaging applications with negligible toxicity. We have synthesized zinc nitride (ZnN) colloidal nanoparticles with an average size of 25 nm at room temperature. The optical band gap of the prepared ZnN nanoparticles is 2.

In vitro and In silico Analysis of the Anti-diabetic and Anti-microbial Activity of Cichorium intybus Leaf extracts.

Objective: To screen the selected phytochemicals against diabetes by docking studies in comparison with experimental analysis.

Methods: Ethanol crude extract was obtained from the leaves of C.intybus and its chemical compounds were identified using GC- MS.

Synthesis and Characterization of Gd Doped HfO₂ Nanoparticles for Radiotherapy Applications.

Synthesis of pure Hafnium Oxide (HfO₂), and HfO₂ doped with Gadolinium (1, 3, 5 and 7 mol%) nanoparticles (NPs) had been carried out by Precipitation and co-precipitation method using the precursor solution of Hafnium (IV) chloride (HfCl₄) and Gadolinium(III) chloride hexahydrate (GdCl₃·6H₂O) with Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) which was dissolved in deionized water. The synthesized compound was characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), UV-visible spectrophotometer, Photoluminescence (PL), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The result from X-ray diffraction showed that the Gd concentration for 7 mol% had attended directly crystalline phase of Cubic HfO₂ structure.

Monitoring Breast Cancer Response to Treatment Using Stokes Shift Spectroscopy of Blood Plasma.

With the emerging trend of personalized cancer treatment, there is a need to develop noninvasive/minimally invasive techniques for treatment monitoring. In this regard, in this work fluorescence analysis of blood plasma of breast cancer patients has been used for the evaluation of response to treatment. This approach delivers information not only about the change in biochemical constituents but also about the altered metabolic pathway.

Synchronous Luminescence Spectroscopy as a Tool in the Discrimination and Characterization of Oral Cancer Tissue.

High incidence of oral cancer is primarily due to ongoing tobacco epidemic. In this work, synchronous luminescence spectroscopy (SLS) has been used to characterize and discriminate oral cancer tissue. Spectral deconvolution method is employed to compute the fluorescence intensity, peak wavelength, and full width half maxima for different endogenous fluorophores.

Exploring the Binding Interaction Mechanism of Taxol in β-Tubulin and Bovine Serum Albumin: A Biophysical Approach.

In this present study on understanding the taxol (PTX) binding interaction mechanism in both the β-tubulin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) molecule, various optical spectroscopy and computational techniques were used. The fluorescence steady-state emission spectroscopy result suggests that there is a static quenching mechanism of the PTX drug in both β-tubulin and BSA, and further time-resolved emission spectroscopy studies confirm that the quenching mechanism exists. The excitation-emission matrix (EEM), Fourier transform infrared, and resonance light scattering spectra (FT-IR) confirm that there are structural changes in both the BSA and β-tubulin molecule during the binding process of PTX.

Comparative Binding Analysis of N-Acetylneuraminic Acid in Bovine Serum Albumin and Human α-1 Acid Glycoprotein.

The present study focuses on the determination of the biologically significant N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) drug binding interaction mechanism between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human α-1 acid glycoprotein (HAG) using various optical spectroscopy and computational methods. The steady state fluorescence spectroscopy result suggests that the fluorescence intensity of BSA and HAG was quenched by NANA in a static mode of quenching. Further time-resolved emission spectroscopy measurements confirm that mode of quenching mechanism of NANA in the BSA and HAG system.

A cytotoxicity, optical spectroscopy and computational binding analysis of 4-[3-acetyl-5-(acetylamino)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl]phenyl benzoate in calf thymus DNA.

In this study the interaction mechanism between newly synthesized 4-(3-acetyl-5-(acetylamino)-2-methyl-2, 3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl) phenyl benzoate (thiadiazole derivative) anticancer active drug with calf thymus DNA was investigated by using various optical spectroscopy techniques along with computational technique. The absorption spectrum shows a clear shift in the lower wavelength region, which may be due to strong hypochromic effect in the ctDNA and the drug. The results of steady state fluorescence spectroscopy show that there is static quenching occurring while increasing the thiadiazole drug concentration in the ethidium bromide-ctDNA system.

Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy for estimating biochemical changes associated with different pathological conditions of cervix.

The molecular level changes associated with oncogenesis precede the morphological changes in cells and tissues. Hence molecular level diagnosis would promote early diagnosis of the disease. Raman spectroscopy is capable of providing specific spectral signature of various biomolecules present in the cells and tissues under various pathological conditions.

High wavenumber Raman spectroscopy in the characterization of urinary metabolites of normal subjects, oral premalignant and malignant patients.

Urine has emerged as one of the diagnostically potential bio fluids, as it has many metabolites. As the concentration and the physiochemical properties of the urinary metabolites may vary under pathological transformation, Raman spectroscopic characterization of urine has been exploited as a significant tool in identifying several diseased conditions, including cancers. In the present study, an attempt was made to study the high wavenumber (HWVN) Raman spectroscopic characterization of urine samples of normal subjects, oral premalignant and malignant patients.

Determination on the binding of thiadiazole derivative to human serum albumin: a spectroscopy and computational approach.

4-[3-acetyl-5-(acetylamino)-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl]phenyl benzoate from the family of thiadiazole derivative has been newly synthesized. It has good anticancer activity as well as antibacterial and less toxic in nature, its binding characteristics are therefore of huge interest for understanding pharmacokinetic mechanism of the drug. The binding of thiadiazole derivative to human serum albumin (HSA) has been investigated by studying its quenching mechanism, binding kinetics and the molecular distance, r between the donor (HSA) and acceptor (thiadiazole derivative) was estimated according to Forster's theory of non-radiative energy transfer.

An in vitro diagnosis of oral premalignant lesion using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy under UV excitation-a pilot study.

In spite of rapid advancement in cancer treatment, early diagnosis of cancer and medicable precursors are still the finest approach towards the assurance of patient lives and enhancement in the quality of their life. In this regard, the present study deals with the time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of normal and premalignant oral tissues under UV excitations (280nm and 310nm). The decay kinetics at 350nm emission of normal tissues exhibit higher fluorescence lifetime than that of premalignant tissues and subsequent statistical analysis shows that the data were statistically significant.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles for selective toxicity towards cancer cells.

Therapeutic applications of nanoparticles (NPs) are rapidly increasing for their utility in medicine, especially cancer therapy. The present study investigated the green synthesis of silver NPs (Ag NPs) of 10 nm size using Sargassum vulgare and its preferential ability to kill cancerous human myeloblastic leukemic cells HL60 and cervical cancer cells HeLa as compared with normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. DNA fragmentation study and annexin V marker fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis revealed the Ag NP-induced cell death is through apoptosis.