Second harmonic generation imaging reveals entanglement of collagen fibers in the elephant trunk skin dermis.

Form-function relationships often have tradeoffs: if a material is tough, it is often inflexible, and vice versa. This is particularly relevant for the elephant trunk, where the skin should be protective yet elastic. To investigate how this is achieved, we used classical histochemical staining and second harmonic generation microscopy to describe the morphology and composition of elephant trunk skin.

Effectiveness of financial support interventions to reduce adverse health outcomes among households in fuel poverty in the United Kingdom.

Objectives: This systematic review intended to assess the effectiveness of financial support interventions for household fuel poverty in the UK in terms of reducing adverse impacts on the health and wellbeing of recipients.

Methods: Bibliographic databases and grey literature sources were searched from the UK for studies that evaluated the health and wellbeing of participants following financial support to optimize indoor heating. Two independent reviewers carried out screening, data extraction and quality assessment of the articles.

Programming mechanics in knitted materials, stitch by stitch.

Knitting turns yarn, a 1D material, into a 2D fabric that is flexible, durable, and can be patterned to adopt a wide range of 3D geometries. Like other mechanical metamaterials, the elasticity of knitted fabrics is an emergent property of the local stitch topology and pattern that cannot solely be attributed to the yarn itself. Thus, knitting can be viewed as an additive manufacturing technique that allows for stitch-by-stitch programming of elastic properties and has applications in many fields ranging from soft robotics and wearable electronics to engineered tissue and architected materials.

Effect of Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin Combination Use in COVID-19 Patients - An Umbrella Review.

Background: Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin combination was used rampantly in management of COVID-19 patients in different countries. Present review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin combination compared to the control (standard care) and any adverse effect following this combination use in COVID-19 patients if any.

Material And Methods: We included all the systematic review with or without meta-analysis reporting the effect of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and Azithromycin (AZM) combination use in COVID-19 patient using three databases namely PubMed, medline, CINHAL, Web of Science from July 2020 till Jan 2022.

Isolated choroid plexus cysts and health and developmental outcomes in childhood and adolescence - A systematic review.

Objectives: Choroid plexus cysts (CPCs) are incidental findings on ultrasound examination of the fetal brain. It is not known if isolated CPCs are associated with any adverse health or neurodevelopmental outcomes during the life course. This systematic review aimed to collate and synthesize the evidence on whether or not isolated choroid plexus cysts are associated with an increased risk of adverse health or developmental outcomes during childhood and adolescence.

A Year at the Forefront of Hydrostat Motion.

Currently, in the field of interdisciplinary work in biology, there has been a significant push by the soft robotic community to understand the motion and maneuverability of hydrostats. This Review seeks to expand the muscular hydrostat hypothesis toward new structures, including plants, and introduce innovative techniques to the hydrostat community on new modeling, simulating, mimicking, and observing hydrostat motion methods. These methods range from ideas of kirigami, origami, and knitting for mimic creation to utilizing reinforcement learning for control of bio-inspired soft robotic systems.

Prevalence of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Stein-Leventhal syndrome, often known as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), is a syndrome that affects women's reproductive health. PCOS is one of the most common endocrine and metabolic disorders in women of reproductive age. The etiology of PCOS remains unknown mainly, and the estimation of PCOS burden in a specific geographical location will impact disease control strategies.

Effectiveness-of Calcium Phosphate derivative agents on the prevention and remineralization of caries among children- A systematic review & meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objectives: Dental caries among children is a highly prevalent yet easily preventable oral health issue among children. Various calcium phosphate (CaP) derivatives are implicated to exhibit caries preventive potential; however, no study has summarized the anti-caries effectiveness of these agents. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to assess the caries-preventive and tooth-remineralizing effect of various (CaP) derivative agents compared to no-intervention/placebo or Fluoride (F) use alone among children.

The perceived need for evidence-based COVID-19 management and Tele-education in the North-East region of India: a cross-sectional survey.

Due to the sudden rise in the cases of COVID-19 in the North-Eastern region of India, this study was conducted to survey the felt needs of the medical professionals with regards to education on the evidence-based management of COVID-19. A total of 25 North-East leaders were recruited and a baseline survey was conducted through the digital medium. Out of 25 North-East leaders, 52% were undergoing training in evidence-based medicine in the capacity-building program for evidence-based child health.

Role of environmental lead in the occurrence of anemia in Indian children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Exposure to lead among children, as well as adults, is a major global health issue. With diverse routes of exposure (e.g.

Comparative Study of USG and MRI in Evaluation of Isthmocele.

Objective: To study the presence of isthmocele in post-cesarean women using USG and MRI and its correlation with risk factors.

Method: This was a prospective observational study. A total of 90 patients were enrolled at the time of discharge of cesarean delivery and were advised to come for follow-up at 3-4 months for detection of isthmocele.

Soil as a tool of revelation in forensic science: a review.

Soil contains diverse and complex natural elements having physical, chemical, mineralogical and biological components. Soil being a transferable physical component (it can be transferred from one location to another with the help of shoes, tires, clothes, tools etc.), acts as a tool of forensic investigation to correlate a specific crime scene with criminal suspects.

A data-based study in support of Blackbuck related cases from Haryana.

Haryana State (located in the northern part of India), is lacking in natural forest, but it has rich biodiversity of some wild animals, especially the Blackbuck antelopes. The maximum population of Blackbucks in the state is living in open cultivated fields. Blackbucks were once found abundantly throughout Haryana, but now they are limited to the south-west part of the state, driven almost to extinction in the rest of Haryana, mainly because of habitat destruction and wildlife crime.

Magnetic sensor for configurable measurement of tension or elasticity with validation in animal soft tissues.

This paper presents a novel Hall-effect-based magnetic sensor for handheld measurement of either elasticity or tension in soft tissues. A theoretical model is developed for the mechanical interaction of the sensor with the tissue, and conditions are established under which the separate effects of tension or elasticity can be measured. A model of the magnetic field within the sensor is developed and a technique to estimate the sensor response in the presence of multiple magnets is established.

Travelling in aeroplane with medical conditions.

Air travel has become so common these days that about one billion people travel in one year. A few number of the persons travelling by air have suffered or are suffering from one or more medical conditions which may increase risk to passenger himself. There may be additional risk to copassengers, crew of aircraft or safety of aircraft may be compromised.

Zinc taste test in pregnant women and its correlation with serum zinc level.

Pregnant women in different trimesters of pregnancy were divided into control (n = 58) and study (n = 104) groups. Study group subjects were given 45 mg zinc/p.o.

H-reflex latency and sensory conduction in the assessment of neuropathy in patients of chronic obstructive lung disease.

H-reflex latency, proximal conduction velocity and distal proprioceptive conduction velocity were studied along with distal motor and sensory conduction in 38 patients of chronic obstructive lung disease grouped according to age and duration of the disease, as well as in 35 age-matched smoker controls and 14 non-smoker controls. The mean values of all the parameters studied in all the patient groups were significantly different from those of the non-smoker control group. Smoker controls also showed significant abnormality in all the parameters except motor conduction velocity.

Subclinical left ventricular abnormalities in young diabetics.

Twenty young asymptomatic diabetic patients were evaluated for left ventricular dysfunction by determining the radionuclide ejection fraction response to supine bicycle ergometry. The double product at peak exercise (28,743 +/- 3,314 vs 29,007 +/- 3,625, p greater than .05) was not significantly different between the two groups.

Genital edema in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Report of 3 cases and review of the literature.

Severe genital edema is a well-described complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Leakage of dialysate fluid from defects in the peritoneum may occur from clinically detectable and undetectable inguinal hernias, defects at the catheter insertion site, or other defects in the peritoneal membrane. We describe 3 patients (who underwent five surgical procedures), illustrating the complexity of the problem.