Explainable hybrid transformer for multi-classification of lung disease using chest X-rays.

Lung disease is an infection that causes chronic inflammation of the human lung cells, which is one of the major causes of death around the world. Thoracic X-ray medical image is a well-known cheap screening approach used for lung disease detection. Deep learning networks, which are used to identify disease features in X-rays medical images, diagnosing a variety of lung diseases, are playing an increasingly important role in assisting clinical diagnosis.

Dupilumab successfully controlled eczema in Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome over 52 weeks.

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by immunodeficiency, thrombocytopenia, and eczema. The Management of eczema remains still a major clinical challenge. We present a rare case of eczema associated with WAS in an 8-year-old boy whose lesions significantly improve after a 4-week treatment of dupilumab, a interleukin(IL)-4α receptor monoclonal antibody.

Mechanism of calcitonin gene related peptide against acute pancreatitis in rats by modulating amino acid metabolism based on metabonomics.

To study the mechanism of calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP) protecting acute pancreatitis based on metabolomics. 24 adult male rats were randomly divided into control group (Con), acute pancreatitis model group (AP), CGRP treatment group (CGRP + AP, abbreviated as CGRP) and CGRP antagonist(CGRP(8-37)) pretreatment group (preCGRP(8-37) + AP, abbreviated as CGRP37), with 6 rats in each group. After different interventions, pancreases of rats in each group were collected for pathological analysis, and serum was collected for metabolomics analysis.

Research on optimal control design of displaced left turn signal at one two way and three one way traffic intersections.

As the nodes of urban road traffic network, intersections serve as an effective means to improve traffic flow efficiency and alleviate traffic congestion through the optimization of reasonable traffic organization and signal schemes for intersections. In recent years, domestic research on unconventional intersections has attracted increasing attention. This paper first summarized the types of single-double traffic intersections and preliminarily discussed the applicability of displaced left-turn (DLT) signal organization.

RNF167 mediates atypical ubiquitylation and degradation of RLRs via two distinct proteolytic pathways.

The precise regulation of the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs)-mediated type I interferon (IFN-I) activation is crucial in antiviral immunity and maintaining host immune homeostasis in the meantime. Here, we identify an E3 ubiquitin ligase, namely RNF167, as a negative regulator of RLR-triggered IFN signaling. Mechanistically, RNF167 facilitates both atypical K6- and K11-linked polyubiquitination of RIG-I/MDA5 within CARD and CTD domains, respectively, which leads to degradation of the viral RNA sensors through dual proteolytic pathways.

Optimizing the zymogram of exogenous proteases in broiler diets by in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion and response surface methodology.

Low protein digestibility causes intestinal flora imbalance, wet litter, and nitrogen pollution. The present study aimed to explore the optimal zymogram of exogenous acid protease (ACP), neutral protease (NEP), alkaline protease (ALP), and keratinase (KEA) in corn-soybean based diets for broilers. The hydrolysis performances of the four monocomponent proteases were presented by enzymatic hydrolysate gross energy (EHGE) and improved dry matter digestibility (IDMD), which were tested via the in vitro simulated digestion method.

Risk factors for pterygium recurrence based on a retrospective study of 196 patients.

Pterygium is considered as important clinical problem due to its special characteristics such as high incidence, multi-factorial disorder and high recurrence rate. The purpose of this study is to identify the postoperative recurrence rate of pterygium and examine the association between systemic inflammation and the type of pterygium and pterygium recurrence. From January 2017 to January 2018, a total of 196 pterygium patients who received surgery were included in this study.

Endosomal trafficking participates in lipid droplet catabolism to maintain lipid homeostasis.

The interplay between lipid droplets (LDs) and endosomes remains unknown. Here, we screen and synthesize AP1-coumarin, an LD-specific probe, by conjugating a fluorescent dye coumarin to a triazine compound AP1. AP1-coumarin labels all stages of LDs in live cells and markedly induces the accumulation of enlarged RAB5-RAB7 double-positive intermediate endosomes.

CCN2 mediates fibroblast-macrophage interaction in knee arthrofibrosis based on single-cell RNA-seq analysis.

Knee arthrofibrosis, characterized by excessive matrix protein production and deposition, substantially impairs basic daily functions, causing considerable distress and financial burden. However, the underlying pathomechanisms remain unclear. Here, we characterized the heterogeneous cell populations and cellular pathways by combination of flow cytometry and single-cell RNA-seq analysis of synovial tissues from six patients with or without knee arthrofibrosis.

Controlling crystallization in covalent organic frameworks to facilitate photocatalytic hydrogen production.

The catalytic performance, depending on the surface nature, is ubiquitous in photocatalysis. However, surface engineering for organic photocatalysts through structural modulation has long been neglected. Here, we propose a zone crystallization strategy for covalent organic frameworks (COFs) that enhances surface ordering through regulator-induced amorphous-to-crystalline transformation.

Superior electron transport in the single-crystalline TiCoSb-based half-Heuslers.

Half-Heuslers emerged as promising candidates for medium- and high-temperature thermoelectric power generation. However, polycrystalline half-Heuslers inevitably suffer from the defect-dominated scattering of electrons that greatly limits the optimization of their electronic properties. Herein, high-quality TiCoSb-based single-crystals with a dimension above 1 cm have been obtained.

Verification of Pain-Related Neuromodulation Mechanisms of Calcitonin in Knee Osteoarthritis.

Chronic pain represents the prevailing symptom among patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis (KOA). In KOA, peripheral sensitization is driven by disruptions in subchondral bone homeostasis, local inflammatory responses, and variations in neuropeptide and neurotransmitter levels. Calcitonin, a pivotal peptide involved in bone metabolism, additionally exhibits potent analgesic properties.

The Guanylate Cyclase Soluble Subunit Alpha-1 Deficiency Impairs Angiogenesis in Zebrafishes and Mice: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is caused by abnormal vascular development. Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-1 (GUCY1A3) gene variation is verified as a crucial susceptible gene in MMD. In this study, we investigated the impact of GUCY1A3 on angiogenesis.

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound enhances delivery of 30 nm Q10 for improving mental and memory disorder in APP/PS1 mice.

Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) often experience mental and memory disorders with poor outcomes. Coenzyme Q10 can degrade formaldehyde (FA) and improve Alzheimer-related symptoms, but its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is limited. This study investigated whether low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) enhances 30 nm Q10 delivery and improve symptoms in AD model mice.

Standard dose could be better! A multicenter study of tigecycline in patients with liver failure.

Background: High-dose (HD) tigecycline is often required for severe multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections in liver failure patients, despite package recommendations to halve the dose for those with severe liver impairment. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of different tigecycline doses in this population.

Research Design And Methods: A retrospective cohort of 192 patients with Child-Pugh grade C liver failure was divided into label-dose (LD), standard-dose (SD), and HD groups.

Patient Preferences for Utilization of Telemedicine in Aesthetic Surgery Consultations.

Purpose: Telemedicine has been increasingly utilized by plastic surgeons since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic as it minimizes visit time, costs, and viral exposures. However, patient comfort level and preference for telemedicine visits in the aesthetic surgery perioperative period remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patient comfort and preferences regarding perioperative telemedicine visits for aesthetic surgery.

Modification of CsAgBiCl Double-Perovskite Photocatalytic Activity by Br Doping.

Developing highly efficient photocatalysts is crucial for photocatalysis technology. Many reports have demonstrated that element doping was an effective strategy for developing highly efficient photocatalysts by broadening the visible light absorption range and suppressing the recombination of photogenerated carriers. Herein, we doped the Br element into CsAgBiCl perovskite to widen the visible light absorption and enhance the charge transfer ability and then developed a highly efficient visible-light photocatalyst based on CsAgBiCl.

Developments in research and commercialization of PI3K and AKT targets: a patent-based landscape.

PI3K and AKT signaling pathway has been linked to the pathophysiology of various diseases. This pathway has emerged as a crucial therapeutic strategy for cancer and other diseases. To better understand recent development of PI3K and AKT, a patent-based landscape study was performed.

Animation-assisted learning enhances caregivers' knowledge of anticipatory guidance for children during a well-child clinical visit: A prospective study.

Purpose: To evaluate whether animation-assisted learning (AAL) enhances caregiver's knowledge of anticipatory guidance (AG) for children and determine the influence of the socioeconomic status during a well-child clinical visit.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled caregivers who presented for well-child checkups at a tertiary care center. Participants completed a pre-test, watched a 25-min animation on specific AG topics, and then completed a post-test.

Melatonin supplementation and oxidative DNA damage repair capacity among night shift workers: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.

Objectives: A decreased ability to repair oxidative DNA damage, due to melatonin suppression, is a compelling mechanism by which night shift workers are at an increased risk of cancer. We sought to determine if melatonin supplementation would improve oxidative DNA damage repair among night shift workers.

Methods: We conducted a parallel-arm randomised placebo-controlled trial of melatonin supplementation among 40 night shift workers.

MSMDL-DDI: Multi-Layer Soft Mask Dual-View Learning for Drug-Drug Interactions.

Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) occur when multiple medications are co-administered, potentially leading to adverse effects and compromising patient safety. However, existing DDI prediction methods often overlook the intricate interactions among chemical substructures within drugs, resulting in incomplete characterization of molecular properties. To address this limitation, we propose a novel model named Multi-Layer Soft Mask Dual-View Learning for Drug-Drug Interactions (MSMDL-DDI), which integrates dual-view learning with multi-layer soft mask graph neural networks to comprehensively capture intra- and inter-molecular interactions.

Comparison of prophylactic endovascular treatments for threatened or impending internal/common carotid artery blowout syndrome.

Background And Purpose: The outcomes of prophylactic endovascular interventions for patients facing threatened or impending carotid blowout syndrome (CBS) involving the internal/common carotid artery (ICA/CCA) have not been extensively elucidated. We aimed to delineate the specific treatment outcomes for this group of patients.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 109 patients with threatened or impending CBS of the ICA/CCA between 2006 and 2023.

Discovering genetically-supported drug targets for multisite chronic pain through multi-omics Mendelian randomization and single-cell RNA-sequencing.

Background: Multisite chronic pain (MCP) is a highly prevalent disorder with substantial unmet therapeutic needs.

Methods: We conducted multi-omics Mendelian randomization and Bayesian colocalization to identify potential therapeutic targets for MCP. Summary-level data of gene expressions and protein abundance levels were obtained from corresponding quantitative trait loci studies, respectively.

PKM splice-switching ASOs induce upregulation of dual-specificity phosphatases and dephosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Pyruvate kinase M isoform 2 (PKM2) is preferentially expressed in nearly all cancers. It primarily functions as the last enzyme in glycolysis, but has other reported non-canonical functions, including recruiting transcription factors to oncogenes, and phosphorylating proteins. We previously described antisense oligonucleotides that disrupt alternative splicing of PKM pre-mRNA (PKM-ASOs), resulting in a PKM2-to-PKM1 isoform switch in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which reduces HCC growth in vitro and in vivo.