Enhanced Production of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from Cellulose via Synergistic Catalysis of Solid Acid and Molten Salt Hydrates Solvent.

Producing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) from abundant and renewable cellulose is a practical method for lignocellulosic biomass valorization. Nonetheless, the high crystallinity of cellulose restricts the accessibility of catalysts, and the complex reaction pathway generally results in the formation of intermediate by-products and 5-HMF degradation. Molten salt hydrates (MSHs) are unique in dissolving crystalline cellulose and their weak Brønsted acidity can facilitate cellulose hydrolysis to glucose.

Family Members' Experiences of Anxiety During the Perioperative Period: A Phenomenological Study.

Family members of patients undergoing surgery experience various levels of anxiety. This study explored family members' anxiety levels before, during, and after surgery. We used a phenomenological approach and interviewed 15 surgical patients' family members.

Design and synthesis of novel HDAC6 inhibitor dimer as HDAC6 degrader for cancer treatment by palladium catalysed dimerisation.

The enigmatic histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is one of a kind among its family. Recent reports revealed that HDAC6 CD1 exhibits E3 ligase activity. Inspired by these researches, we attempted to develop drugs targeting HDAC6 novel mechanism.

Formation of the International Occultation Timing Association/East Asia (IOTA/EA) and occultation observations of asteroid (3200) Phaethon.

On 27 August 2023 (UTC), a new organization for occultation observations in East Asia was formed, the International Occultation Timing Association/East Asia (IOTA/EA). The goal of this organization is to promote and disseminate occultation observations in the East Asia region and to make occultation observations a useful tool and a partner for planetary exploration missions and other scientific research. The formation of IOTA/EA was triggered by the stellar eclipse observation campaign of (3200) Phaethon, which is the target of the JAXA DESTINY[Formula: see text] mission.

Diverse roles of MYB transcription factors in plants.

MYB transcription factors (TFs), one of the largest TF families in plants, are involved in various plant-specific processes as the central regulators, such as in phenylpropanoid metabolism, cell cycle, formation of root hair and trichome, phytohormones responses, reproductive growth and abiotic or biotic stress responses. Here we summarized multiple roles and explained the molecular mechanisms of MYB TFs in plant development and stress adaptation. The exploration of MYB TFs contributes to a better comprehension of molecular regulation in plant development and environmental adaptability.

Factors influencing premature ovarian insufficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) has multiple contributing factors. This study aims to systematically evaluate these factors and their mechanisms, identify high-risk groups, support early intervention, and provide a basis for future research.

Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, a search was conducted across 11 Chinese and English databases, including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, up to January 2024.

Discovery of the Low-Hemorrhagic Antithrombotic Effect of Montelukast by Targeting FXIa in Mice.

Background: FXIa (coagulation factor XIa) is considered as a promising antithrombotic target with reduced hemorrhagic liabilities. The objective of this study was to identify a small-molecule inhibitor of FXIa as a potential low-hemorrhagic anticoagulant.

Methods: A high-throughput virtual screening was conducted using a drug repurposing library with the catalytic domain of FXIa as the bait.

Apriori algorithm based prediction of students' mental health risks in the context of artificial intelligence.

Introduction: The increasing prevalence of mental health challenges among college students necessitates innovative approaches to early identification and intervention. This study investigates the application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for predicting student mental health risks.

Methods: A hybrid predictive model, Prophet-LSTM, was developed.

Association between frailty and postherpetic neuralgia in the older adult with herpes zoster.

Introduction: Chronic pain is closely related to frailty.

Methods: A total of 300 older adult patients diagnosed with HZ were selected and admitted to our hospital in 2024. A basic data questionnaire gathered baseline information, and the FRAIL scale was employed to evaluate their initial frailty status.

Older adults' Internet use behavior and its association with accelerometer-derived physical activity.

Objective: The aging population is thriving worldwide, and it is critical to improve the health of older adults through physical activity (PA). Although the Internet can promote PA in older adults, limited studies have used objective tools to measure it. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between the frequency of Internet use and PA levels in older adults.

Exploring patient preferences for intraocular lenses selection in age-related cataract: a discrete choice experiment study.

Introduction: This study investigates the preferences of cataract patients in East China regarding intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Methods: A Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) was conducted using a questionnaire that included various IOLs attributes. Participants made choices based on different combinations of these attributes, and the data were analyzed using multinomial logit models (MNL) and latent class analysis (LCA) to identify preference heterogeneity.

Capillary basal lamina in human brain and spinal cord has fibrillar collagen type I and type III: Ignorance may not be bliss.

The capillary basal lamina (BL) located between the endothelial cell, pericyte and perivascular astrocyte plays important roles in normal and diseased central nervous system (CNS). Using immunohistochemistry (IHC), electron microscopy (EM) and post-embedding immunogold EM (IEM), we studied capillary BL in biopsy and autopsy tissues of human CNS from cases with and without significant brain pathology and aged from 4 days to 49 years. In all cases, IHC showed, in the BL of microvessels, immunoreactivity for collagen types I, III, IV, VI and fibronectin.

Environmental Health and Safety Implications of the Interplay Between Microplastics and the Residing Biofilm.

The increasing prevalence of microplastics in the environment has raised concerns about their potential environmental and health implications. Biofilms readily colonize microplastics upon their entry into the environment, altering their surface characteristics. While most studies have explored how biofilms influence the adsorption and transportation of other contaminants by microplastics, the reciprocal interplay between microplastics and biofilms and the resulting ecological risks remain understudied.

Hydroxyurea-related ileocecal region ulcers as a rare complication: A case report.

Background: Hydroxyurea, an antimetabolite, is frequently prescribed for various hematological disorders, and its common side effects include gastrointestinal problems, cutaneous or mucosal lesions and pyrexia/fever.

Case Summary: This study reports the case of a 67-year-old woman who developed recurrent abdominal pain after 10 years of continuous hydroxyurea therapy for primary thrombocythemia. Colonoscopy revealed an ileocecal ulcer.

Assessment of point-of-care quantitative serum canine pancreatic lipase testing for diagnosing acute pancreatitis in dogs.

Introduction: Current point-of-care testing for canine-specific pancreatic lipase (CPL) provides semi-quantitative measurements with binary results. Recently, a commercial point-of-care testing method (Vcheck CPL) that offers quantitative measurement of CPL has emerged. However, clinical studies on its value (or utility) are limited.

Uncovering the Elusive Structures and Mechanisms of Prevalent Antidepressants.

Most treatments to alleviate major depression work by either inhibiting human monoamine transporters, vital for the reuptake of monoamine neurotransmitters, or by inhibiting monoamine oxidases, which are vital for their degradation. The analysis of the experimental 3D structures of those antidepressants in their drug formulation state is key to precision drug design and development. In this study, we apply microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) to reveal the atomic 3D structures for the first time of five of the most prevalent antidepressants (reboxetine, pipofezine, ansofaxine, phenelzine, bifemelane) directly from the commercially available powder of the active ingredients.

Brain local structural connectomes and the subtypes of the medial temporal lobe parcellations.

Objective: To investigate the quantitative characteristics and major subtypes of local structural connectomes for medial temporal lobe (MTL) parcellations.

Methods: The Q-Space Diffeomorphic Reconstruction (QSDR) method was used to track white matter fibers for the ROIs within MTL based on the integrating high-resolution T1 structural MR imaging and diffusion MR imaging of 100 adult Chinese individuals. Graph theoretical analysis was employed to construct the local structural connectome models for ROIs within MTL and acquire the network parameters.

Ensemble methods for testing a global null.

Testing a global null is a canonical problem in statistics and has a wide range of applications. In view of the fact that no uniformly most powerful test exists, prior and/or domain knowledge are commonly used to focus on a certain class of alternatives to improve the testing power. However, it is generally challenging to develop tests that are particularly powerful against a certain class of alternatives.

Branched Hierarchical Porous Carbon Enables Ultrasensitive Detection of Serum Glycans for Comprehensive Assessment of Urological Cancers.

Sensitive detection of low levels of serum glycans is essential for diagnosing various urological cancers with ambiguous clinical symptoms, but this remains challenging due to the lack of affordable, user-friendly methods with adequate accuracy. Here, microemulsion-guided assembly of hierarchical porous cerium-based metal-organic frameworks and iron ion absorption are exploited to develop a novel graphitized carbon matrix (HPC-Ce/Fe) with high specific surface area and hierarchical porosity through controllable high-temperature treatment, which effectively promotes the diffusion and adsorption of N-glycans, resulting in an outstanding improvement in the detection limit for N-glycans. Leveraging the high enrichment sensitivity of HPC-Ce/Fe, high-throughput mass spectrometry is used to rapidly acquire high-quality glycan profiles from over a hundred serum samples of urological cancers, including prostate, bladder, and renal cancer.

Microfluidic Replication and Phenotypic Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles from the Tumor Microenvironment Using Dual-Switch Aptamer Logic Gates.

The phenotypic profiling of extracellular vesicles (EVs) within the tumor microenvironment (TME) provides critical insights into the intercellular communication mechanisms of EVs underlying tumor physiology. However, conventional methods typically isolate EVs from the extracellular space through tissue fragmentation, which compromises tissue viability, and neglects the spatial organization of the tissue and the dynamic nature of EV secretion. Herein, we introduce an innovative microfluidic platform to cultivate intact tumor tissues while preserving their spatial architecture and facilitating natural EV secretion.

Transcriptome sequencing and metabolome analysis to reveal renewal evidence for drought adaptation in mulberry.

As an economically important tree species, mulberry (Morus spp.) has exhibited a remarkable tolerance for salinity, drought and heavy metals. However, the precise mechanism of metabolome-mediated drought adaptation is unclear.

Attentive feature interaction based persistent homology-augmented network for esophageal cancer lesion detection.

Background: Detecting lesions in esophageal cancer (EC) is important in guiding subsequent treatment. Deep learning methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and vision transformer (ViT) have made remarkable strides in the field of medical image analysis due to their powerful representational capabilities. However, without prior knowledge, both traditional CNNs and ViTs are susceptible to disregarding critical anatomical information, including loops and voids.

HDAC inhibitors modulate Hippo pathway signaling in hormone positive breast cancer.

Breast cancer has constantly been the leading causes of death in women, and hormone receptor (HR) positive, HER2 negative is the majority subtype. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACi) have shown clinical benefit in HR ( +) breast cancer patients. The Hippo pathway is an important cellular pathway involving proliferation, cell contact, and cancer.

Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Paediatric Kidney Transplantation in Hong Kong-A Territory-Wide Study.

Aim: To review the clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of paediatric kidney transplants in Hong Kong.

Method: A retrospective cohort study was carried out on all paediatric kidney transplant recipients managed in the Paediatric Nephrology Centre in Hong Kong from 2009 to 2020. All recipients were under 21 at the time of transplant, with a minimal follow-up period of 2 years.

Efficacy of platelet-rich plasma use as an adjunctive treatment in autologous osteochondral transplantation for patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus accompanied by chronic lateral ankle instability.

Background: Autologous osteochondral transplantation (AOT) combined with biological agents is an advanced technique for treating osteochondral lesions. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of combining platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment with AOT on postoperative functional and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes in patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) accompanied by chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI).

Methods: This retrospective study had a minimum follow-up period of 1 year.