Origin and evolution of the North Atlantic Oscillation.

The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the dominant mode of atmospheric variability in the North Atlantic region, plays a crucial role in weather and climate. Here, to investigate when the NAO emerged and how it evolved over geological timescales, we analyzed time-slice paleoclimate simulations during the breakup of the supercontinent Pangea, starting 160 million years ago (Ma). Our findings indicate that a present-day-like NAO mode gradually formed between 80 Ma and 60 Ma, driven by the expansion of the North Atlantic Ocean and the enhanced land-ocean contrast.

Ultrasound-Driven Nitric Oxide Generation for Enhanced Sonodynamic-Photothermal Therapy.

Recently, green gas therapy based on nitric oxide (NO) has gained considerable attention in cancer treatment. The supplementation of exogenous NO and its controlled release represent promising strategies for adjuvant tumor therapy. In this study, we developed a novel ultrasound (US)-triggered NO generation and release nanoplatform that integrates NO therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and photothermal therapy (PTT) into a collaborative therapeutic modality.

Hydration and Dispersion: Two Key Steps in Six AestheFill Reconstitution Methods.

AestheFill, a biostimulator containing poly-D,L-lactic acid (PDLLA) microspheres and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), is supplied as lyophilized powders in vials. It must be reconstituted with sterile water for injection into homogeneous suspensions before administration. In AestheFill, PDLLA microspheres do not dissolve in water, while CMC acts as a suspender for the PDLLA microspheres.

Brain Mechanisms of Fear Reduction Underlying Habituation to Pain in Humans.

Habituation to painful stimuli reflects an endogenous pain alleviation mechanism, and reduced pain habituation has been demonstrated in many chronic pain conditions. In ethology, animals exhibit reduced fear responses while habituating to repeated threatening stimuli. It remains unclear whether pain habituation in humans involves a fear reduction mechanism.

Electrochemical Amino-Oxygenation Cyclization via Alkene Radical Cation/Bisnucleophile Engagement to Saturated N/O-Heterocycles.

Regioselective functionalization of alkenes to create nitrogen- and oxygen-containing heterocycles remains a significant challenge in organic synthesis. Due to their unique electronic and biological properties, these heterocycles are crucial in pharmaceuticals and materials. Herein, we present an electrochemical amino-oxygenation of alkenes using alkene radical cations and bisnucleophiles, enabling the synthesis of saturated N/O-heterocycles in an undivided cell.

Moisture-Resistant, Expansive, and Disordered Interlayer Microenvironment-Enabled Robust Sodium Oxide Cathodes.

Layered transition metal oxides are some of the most attractive cathode candidates for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). The main challenge of achieving superior storage performance is to simultaneously boost the ion diffusion kinetics and restrain the undesirable OP4 phase transition upon long-term cycling. In this report, a step-by-step molecule-ion exchange approach is presented to design the high air-stability disordered CaNaMnO (CNMO-1) cathode functionalized with an expansive and disordered interlayer microenvironment.

Cornea specialists are the highest opioid prescribers at a large academic eye institute in the USA.

Background/aim: To evaluate the opioid prescription patterns across ophthalmic subspecialties at a large academic eye centre.

Methods: A single site, retrospective cross-sectional study. Electronic medical records from the year 2018 were screened.

Structural and Functional Insights into Targeting GCCG Sites in the EGFR Promoter by Two DNA Intercalators to Inhibit Breast Cancer Metastasis.

Chemotherapeutic drugs are commonly used to treat cancers lacking targeted therapy options. However, their low specificity limits their treatment effectiveness. We report here that the cooperative binding of doxorubicin (Dox) with actinomycin D (ActD) enhances the specificity for consecutive GCCG sites in DNA.

Definition, prevalence, and economic impacts of hypertension on the elderly population.

Arterial hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a leading cause of death. The incidence of hypertension increases with age, with a lifetime risk of more than 90% for elderly individuals. With the growth in the absolute numbers and proportion of the elderly population worldwide, the economic impact and burden on healthcare systems due to elderly hypertension continue to rise.

Recommendation for immune prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common pathogen for young children hospitalized with bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Most infections occur below 1 year of age, and almost all children have been infected before 2 years of age. Monoclonal antibodies targeting RSV, such as palivizumab and nirsevimab, are accessible for preventing infection.

Harnessing oleaginous protist Schizochytrium for docosahexaenoic acid: Current technologies in sustainable production and food applications.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exerts versatile roles in nutrition supplementation and numerous health disorders prevention. Global consumption demand for DHA has also been consistently increasing with enhanced health awareness. Oleaginous marine protist Schizochytrium is praised as a potential DHA source due to short growth cycle, convenient artificial culture, harmless to the human body, and easy manipulation of the DHA synthesis pathway.

[Experience summary of coagulation rebalancing therapy for heat stroke-induced coagulopathy].

This case report describes the treatment process of a severe exertional heat stroke-induced coagulopathy in a 20-year-old firefighter. Through a comprehensive treatment strategy of five early and one prevention, including early cooling, early anticoagulation, early coagulation factor supplementation, early anti-inflammation, early blood purification, and prevention of complications, the patient was successfully treated. For the management of heat stroke-induced coagulopathy, based on the coagulation rebalancing strategy-namely anticoagulation combined with goal-directed replacement therapy, along with plasma diafiltration (PDF) treatment-the patient's coagulation function was effectively improved without any bleeding or thrombotic events.

[Disseminated intravascular coagulation caused by amniotic fluid embolism: a case report and literature review].

Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a rare but extremely dangerous obstetric catastrophic disease, with coagulation dysfunction being a common clinical manifestation. This article reports a case of AFE with disseminated intravascular coagulation as the initial presentation, and conducts literature review. In order to increase the attention of clinical physicians to obstetric coagulation dysfunction and provide a basis for early identification and treatment of AFE.

The effect of the Patient Health Engagement model-based care strategy on improving patient-ventilator synchrony in patients with respiratory failure: a quasi-experimental study.

Background: Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) is a crucial method for treating acute and chronic respiratory failure. The effectiveness of NPPV treatment heavily depends on the active participation of patients. However, research on strategies to enhance patient engagement during NPPV therapy is still lacking.

Acute dentate nucleus deep brain stimulation modulates corticomotor excitability in chronic stroke survivors.

Background: Deep brain stimulation of the dentate nucleus (DN-DBS) is an emerging therapy to improve upper extremity (UE) motor function after stroke. This study sought to investigate the physiologic mechanisms of acute DN-DBS in chronic stroke survivors enrolled in a phase I trial for DN-DBS.

Methods: Twelve chronic stroke participants with moderate-to-severe UE impairment received (acute) single sessions (≥45 min) of active DBS and sham DBS in a sham-controlled, double-blind, cross-over experiment (order randomized).

Astragalin actives autophagy and inhibits apoptosis of astrocytes in AD mice via down-regulating Fas/Fasl-VDAC1 pathway.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a common neurodegenerative disease, which characterized by amyloid Aβ deposition and neurofibrillary tangles. Astragalin (AST), a natural flavonoid, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and other pharmacological effects. Astrocytes can phagocytize and degrade Aβ in their vicinity.

Reinforcement learning-based generative artificial intelligence for novel pesticide design.

Introduction: Pesticides play a pivotal role in ensuring food security, and the development of green pesticides is an inevitable trend in global agricultural progress. Although deep learning-based generative models have revolutionized de novo drug design in pharmaceutical research, their application in pesticide research and development remains unexplored.

Objectives: This study aims to pioneer the application of generative artificial intelligence to pesticide design by proposing a reinforcement learning-based framework for obtaining pesticide-like molecules with high binding affinity.

Copper silicate nanoparticle-mediated delivery of astragaloside-IV for osteoarthritis treatment by remodeling the articular cartilage microenvironment.

With the increasing global aging population, osteoarthritis (OA) has emerged as a major public health concern. OA pathogenesis is characterized by a complex interplay among inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and extracellular matrix components, leading to cartilage degradation. Astragaloside-IV (AS-IV), a natural antioxidant, has shown promise in alleviating OA symptoms but is limited by poor bioavailability and ineffective cartilage drug delivery.

[A segmented backprojection tensor degradation feature encoding model for motion artifacts correction in dental cone beam computed tomography].

Objectives: We propose a segmented backprojection tensor degradation feature encoding (SBP-MAC) model for motion artifact correction in dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to improve the quality of the reconstructed images.

Methods: The proposed motion artifact correction model consists of a generator and a degradation encoder. The segmented limited-angle reconstructed sub-images are stacked into the tensors and used as the model input.

[High expression of apolipoprotein C1 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway].

Objectives: To investigate the expression of apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and its effects on proliferation and apoptosis of PTC cells.

Methods: The expression level of APOC1 in PTC and its impact on prognosis were analyzed using GEPIA 2 and Kaplan-Meier databases. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of APOC1 in PTC and adjacent tissues and in 3 PTC cell lines and normal thyroid Nthyori 3-1 cells.

[ E6 improves vinorelbine-induced immunosuppression in zebrafish through its metabolites acetic acid and propionic acid].

Objectives: To explore the mechanism of E6 for improving vinorelbine-induced immunosuppression in zebrafish.

Methods: The intestinal colonization of E6 labeled by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) in zebrafish was observed under fluorescence microscope. In a zebrafish model of vinorelbine-induced immunosuppression, the immunomodulatory activity of E6 was assessed by analyzing macrophage and neutrophil counts in the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT), the number of T-lymphocyte, and the expressions of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ).

The evolution and functional characterization of transcription factors E2Fs in lamprey, Lethenteron reissneri.

The E2 promoter binding factors (E2Fs) are a group of transcriptional regulators that govern the cell cycle and play crucial roles in various cellular physiological processes, including proliferation and embryonic development. In this study, we identified four homologous genes-Lr-E2F3, Lr-E2F4, Lr-E2F5, and Lr-E2F8-from the lamprey (Lethenteron reissneri) genome database. Phylogenetic tree analysis was conducted to elucidate the evolutionary relationships within the E2F family across different species.

Risk factors for incomplete occlusion in patients with small intracranial aneurysms (<7mm) after flow-diversion treatment: a multicenter experience.

Introduction The indicator of flow diverters (FDs) received approval extension for small (<7 mm) unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). However, the factors related to aneurysm occlusion remain unclear. Thus, we conducted a multicenter analysis to explore the risk factors for incomplete occlusion (ICO) following FD implantation for small UIAs.

Estimating Upper Extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scores From Reaching Motions Using Wearable Sensors.

The Fugl Meyer Assessment (FMA) is a widely-used assessment for tracking motor function recovery post-stroke. Due to the limited access to rehabilitation, there exists a need for remote and automated assessment solutions. Wearable sensors and data-driven methods have shown promise for enabling automatic upper extremity FMA (FMA-UE) estimation, but minimizing user input motion and aligning with current clinical activities will aid the adoption of sensor-based assessments.