Factors associated with placement along the HIV prevention and care continuum among sexual minority men who use methamphetamine.

Methamphetamine use among sexual minority men (SMM) has been associated with poor ART adherence, and reduced initiation and adherence to PrEP. From May 2021 to May 2023, 226 SMM were enrolled in , a culturally responsive smartphone application to reduce methamphetamine use and improve sexual health. Using a status-neutral approach, an ordinal variable reflected participants' placement on the HIV Prevention/Care Continuum, from HIV-positive, not taking ART, to HIV-negative, currently taking PrEP.

Digital Assessment of Cognitive Health in Outpatient Primary Care: Usability Study.

Background: Screening for cognitive impairment in primary care is important, yet primary care physicians (PCPs) report conducting routine cognitive assessments for less than half of patients older than 60 years of age. Linus Health's Core Cognitive Evaluation (CCE), a tablet-based digital cognitive assessment, has been used for the detection of cognitive impairment, but its application in primary care is not yet studied.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the integration of CCE implementation in a primary care setting.

Allergenicity Reduction of Shrimp () via Fucoidan-Mediated Covalent Modification: Insights from Epitope Modifying Effect.

Covalent modification is an effective strategy for reducing allergenicity to individual allergens, but there are few studies on this strategy modifying specific amino acids within epitopes under the influence of food matrix. This study used fucoidan to covalently modify shrimp () and combined mass spectrometry and bioinformatics techniques to explore epitope modification. The results showed that lower concentrations (<2.

CAD manipulates tumor intrinsic DHO/UBE4B/NF-κB pathway and fuels macrophage cross-talk, promoting hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis.

Background And Aims: Portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT), an indicator of clinical metastasis, significantly shortens hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients' lifespan, and no effective treatment has been established. We aimed to illustrate mechanisms underlying PVTT formation and tumor metastasis, and identified potential targets for clinical intervention.

Approach And Results: Multi-omics data of 159 HCC patients (including 37 cases with PVTT) was analyzed to identify contributors to PVTT formation and tumor metastasis.

Clinical stage-specific prognostic impact of adequate lymphadenectomy in early-stage lung cancer.

Objectives: To assess the prognostic impact of adequate lymphadenectomy and determine the optimal nodal assessment for different clinical stages of lung cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1214 patients with clinical stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer who had preoperative PET/CT and curative surgery (2006-2017). Patients were categorized based on whether they had adequate [R0] or inadequate lymphadenectomy [R(un)].

Suppression of NF-κB and downstream XBP1 by DcR3 contributes to a decrease in antibody secretion.

Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), a soluble receptor in the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, regulates the functions of monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that DcR3 suppresses B cell proliferation in vitro and ameliorates autoimmune diseases in animal models; however, whether and how DcR3 regulates antibody production is unclear. Using a DcR3 transgenic mouse model, we found that DcR3 impaired the T cell-dependent antigen-stimulated antibody response.

Clinical significance of positron emission tomography-computed tomography in the classification of thymic tumors.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the possibility of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET-CT) in identifying histological classification of thymic tumors.

Methods: Patients diagnosed as thymic tumors and accepted PET-CT scans were included. Thymic tumors were classified into three subgroups: low risk thymoma (A, AB and B1), high risk thymoma (B2, B3) and thymic carcinoma (TC).

Dielectric-Free Molybdenum Disulfide Transistors with In-Plane Gates.

In this work, we realize bilayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS) transistors with in-plane gates on sapphire substrates. Through sequential transferring of MoS, e-beam lithography, and metal lift-off, a device with channel width/length of 500:400 nm is fabricated. With a 250 nm separation between the in-plane gate and MoS channel, a drain current as high as 37 μA with a clear saturation region is observed.

Shaping early neural development by timed elevated tissue oxygen tension: Insights from multiomic analysis on human cerebral organoids.

Oxygen plays a critical role in early neural development in brains, particularly before establishment of complete vasculature; however, it has seldom been investigated due to technical limitations. This study uses an in vitro human cerebral organoid model with multiomic analysis, integrating advanced microscopies and single-cell RNA sequencing, to monitor tissue oxygen tension during neural development. Results reveal a key period between weeks 4 and 6 with elevated intra-organoid oxygen tension, altered energy homeostasis, and rapid neurogenesis within the organoids.

Quantitative detection of the HVEM-BTLA checkpoint receptor cis-complex in human lymphocytes.

The herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) (TNFRSF14) engagement of the checkpoint inhibitory receptor B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) limits immune responses of T and B lymphocytes. HVEM and BTLA form signaling complexes in trans and when coexpressed, complexes in cis, creating a unique immune checkpoint. The function of the HVEM-BTLA cis-complex is not well understood primarily due to a lack of reagents that specifically measure the HVEM-BTLA cis-complex.

Frequent Hand Hygiene-Induced Skin Symptoms and Alterations in Hand Microbiota: A Neglected Form of Chronic Occupational Exposure Among Health Care Workers.

Background: Frequent hand hygiene is essential for infection control among health care workers (HCWs) but may cause adverse skin effects.

Purpose: To assess the relationships between frequent hand hygiene practices, skin symptoms, and microbiota alterations in HCWs.

Methods: A comprehensive search of 7 databases was conducted to identify articles published between January 2014 and July 2024 in English and Chinese.

Electricity-Efficient On-Demand Photothermal Activation for Tunable Thermochromic Windows.

Thermochromic (TC) windows with passively controlled sunlight regulation have demonstrated significant building energy conservations. Realizing the active control of the TC window can expand its popularity while remaining an intractable challenge. Herein, a low-power-dissipative strategy that endows TC windows with an actively tunable transmittance is presented through the electro-induced tunable photothermal conversions (ETPCs).

Cystopexy following anterior-approach robot-assisted radical prostatectomy enhances early continence recovery.

To evaluate the effect of cystopexy on continence recovery after anterior-approach transperitoneal robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RaRP). We retrospectively analyzed continence recovery of patients with prostate cancer receiving RaRP in a transperitoneal anterior-approach manner with or without cystopexy. Continence recovery is defined as complete intact continence without safety pad utility.

Comparison of Myringitis Incidence in Cartilage Myringoplasty With and Without External Ear Canal Packing For the Repair of Chronic Tympanic Membrane Perforations.

We compared the long-term efficacy and incidence of myringitis after cartilage graft underlay myringoplasty for chronic tympanic membrane (TM) perforations with and without external ear canal (EAC) packing. : In total, 129 patients who met the inclusion criteria were allocated to either the EAC packing (packing) group or the no-EAC packing (no-packing) group. All patients underwent endoscopic cartilage graft underlay myringoplasty.

Lifei Qingchang Tang attenuates acute lung injury the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.

Acute lung injury (ALI) has high morbidity and mortality. Lifei Qingchang Tang (LFQCT), a traditional Chinese medicine, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties but its mechanism in ALI remains unclear. , LFQCT reduced intracellular Ca, ROS, and NO in LPS-induced RAW 264.

Prognostic Impact of Fluorescent Lymphography on Gastric Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Importance: Indocyanine green (ICG)-guided lymphadenectomy has been increasingly used to treat gastric cancer. However, its oncologic impact remains unclear.

Objective: To investigate the effect of ICG tracing on long-term outcomes in patients diagnosed with locally advanced gastric cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by laparoscopic radical gastrectomy.

HGF-DPSCs ameliorate asthma by regulating CCR1 Th2 cells responses in mice pulmonary mucosa.

Asthma, a prevalent allergic disease affecting approximately 300 million individuals globally, remains a significant public health challenge. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), both recognized for their immunomodulatory properties, hold therapeutic potential for asthma. However, their precise mechanisms remain underexplored.

The mechanisms of resistance, epidemiological characteristics, and molecular evolution of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Introduction: Carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-hvKP) is a highly pathogenic, drug-resistant, and transmissible "superbug" that causes infections in hospitals and communities. Because of the lack of effective antimicrobial treatment options, morbidity and mortality from CR-hvKP infections have increased dramatically, and outbreaks and the rapid spread of CR-hvKP in hospitals have become a major global public health challenge.

Methods: The mechanisms of molecular evolution in CR-hvKP include the acquisition of a hypervirulent plasmid encoding a virulence gene by carbapenemase-producing K pneumoniae, the horizontal transfer of plasmids carrying carbapenem resistance genes to hvKP, and the acquisition of fusion plasmids carrying both carbapenem resistance genes and hypervirulent genes by classic K pneumoniae.

Molecular Chain Interpenetration-Enabled High Interfacial Compatibility of Ionic and Electronic Conductors for Stretchable Ionic Devices.

Ionic devices find applications such as flexible electronics and biomedicines and function by exploiting hybrid circuits of mobile ions and electrons. However, the poor interfacial compatibility of hard electronic conductors with soft ionic conductors in ionic devices leads to low deformability, sensitivity, electromechanical responses, and stability. Herein, an interpenetrating interface between silicone-modified polyurethane/carbon nanotube electronic conductors and ionoelastomers in an ionic device using in situ polymerization is fabricated.

Exploration of a modified pretreatment process coupled with GC-MS/MS for determination of 18 phthalates in edible oils.

Phthalates (PAEs), which are pollutants that most easily migrate from plastic packages to edible oils, have received increasing attention. In this work, a sample preconditioning method was proposed and explored, involving a single-step extraction using a methanol and ethyl hexanoate mixed solvent, followed by clean-up with a mixed absorbent of graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) and -propyl ethylenediamine (PSA), for the determination of 18 PAEs in oil samples through GC-MS/MS analysis. The triazine ring structure and conjugated aromatic heterocyclic accumulation structure of g-CN and the amino-rich structure of PSA can provide hydrogen bonds, conjugated π-π interactions, and hydrophobic effects for the removal of interferences such as organic acids, aliphatic acids, and pigments.

External Testing of a Commercial AI Algorithm for Breast Cancer Detection at Screening Mammography.

Purpose To test a commercial artificial intelligence (AI) system for breast cancer detection at the BC Cancer Breast Screening Program. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study of 136,700 women (age: µ = 58.8, σ = 9.

Optical Nonreciprocity Based on the Four-Wave Mixing Effect in Semiconductor Quantum Dots.

Optical nonreciprocity and nonreciprocal devices such as optical diodes have broad and promising applications in various fields, ranging from optical communication to signal process. Here, we propose a magnet-free nonreciprocal scheme based on the four-wave mixing (FWM) effect in semiconductor quantum dots (SQDs). Via controlling the directions of the coupling fields, the probe field can achieve high transmission in the forward direction within a certain frequency range due to the FWM effect.

Picolinamide Functionalization on Carbon Nitride Edges for Enhanced Charge Separation and Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

The periodical distribution of N and C atoms in carbon nitride (CN) not only results in localized electrons in each tri-s-triazine unit, but oxidation and reduction sites are in close contact spatially, resulting in severe carrier recombination. Herein, the hydrothermal method was first employed to synthesize carbon nitride (HCN), and then picolinamide (Pic) molecules were introduced at the edge of the carbon nitride so that the photo-generated electrons of the whole structure of the carbon nitride system were transferred from the center to the edge, which effectively promoted the separation of photo-generated carriers and inhibited the recombination of carriers in the structure. The introduced picolinamide not only changed the π-conjugated structure of the entire system but also acted as an electron-withdrawing group to promote charge transfer.