Determinants of progression of diabetic retinopathy in pregnancy.

Aims: To assess the rate of diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression in an Australian cohort and to identify the determinants of DR progression in pregnancy.

Methods: A total of 367 pregnancies of women with Type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus attending King Edward Memorial Hospital, Western Australia, between June 2020 and July 2023 were included. These women were screened for the presence and severity of DR in the first trimester and/or at 28-32 weeks gestation via retinal imaging with a DRS camera.

Data-Driven Identification of Factors That Influence the Quality of Adverse Event Reports: 15-Year Interpretable Machine Learning and Time-Series Analyses of VigiBase and QUEST.

Background: The completeness of adverse event (AE) reports, crucial for assessing putative causal relationships, is measured using the vigiGrade completeness score in VigiBase, the World Health Organization global database of reported potential AEs. Malaysian reports have surpassed the global average score (approximately 0.44), achieving a 5-year average of 0.

Carbamazepine-Induced Severe Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions: A 21-Year Comparison Between Children and Adults in Malaysia.

Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs) are a life-threatening condition. We aimed to identify all carbamazepine-induced SCARs voluntarily reported to the Malaysian pharmacovigilance database and to compare between children and adults. Adverse drug reaction reports for carbamazepine were extracted from 2000 to 2020, and divided into 2 groups, that is, children (aged 0-17 years) and adults (aged 18 years and above).

The association between breast arterial calcification and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in an Australian population-based breast cancer case-control study.

Purpose: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Breast arterial calcification (BAC) on mammograms is not associated with breast cancer risk. However, there is increasing evidence supporting its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Risk of serious adverse events after the BNT162b2, CoronaVac, and ChAdOx1 vaccines in Malaysia: A self-controlled case series study.

Background: Rapid deployment of COVID-19 vaccines is challenging for safety surveillance, especially on adverse events of special interest (AESIs) that were not identified during the pre-licensure studies. This study evaluated the risk of hospitalisations for predefined diagnoses among the vaccinated population in Malaysia.

Methods: Hospital admissions for selected diagnoses between 1 February 2021 and 30 September 2021 were linked to the national COVID-19 immunisation register.

Incidence of allopurinol-induced severe cutaneous adverse drug reaction in Malaysia.

Aims: Allopurinol is known to cause severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCAR) in Malaysia. However, the incidence of allopurinol-induced SCAR is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to determine the incidence of allopurinol-induced SCAR in Malaysia over 5 years from 2015 to 2019.

The effect of vitamin K1 on arterial calcification activity in subjects with diabetes mellitus: a post hoc analysis of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Coronary and aortic artery calcifications are generally slow to develop, and their burden predicts cardiovascular disease events. In patients with diabetes mellitus, arterial calcification is accelerated and calcification activity can be detected using 18F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography (18F-NaF PET).

Objectives: We aimed to determine whether vitamin K1 supplementation inhibits arterial calcification activity in individuals with diabetes mellitus.

Exploring partial intrinsic and extrinsic symmetry in 3D medical imaging.

We present a novel methodology to detect imperfect bilateral symmetry in CT of human anatomy. In this paper, the structurally symmetric nature of the pelvic bone is explored and is used to provide interventional image augmentation for treatment of unilateral fractures in patients with traumatic injuries. The mathematical basis of our solution is based on the incorporation of attributes and characteristics that satisfy the properties of intrinsic and extrinsic symmetry and are robust to outliers.

The effect of Vitamin-K and Colchicine on Vascular Calcification Activity in subjects with Diabetes Mellitus (ViKCoVaC): A double-blind 2x2 factorial randomized controlled trial.

Background: There is currently no treatment for attenuating progression of arterial calcification. F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography (F-NaF PET) locates regions of calcification activity. We tested whether vitamin-K or colchicine affected arterial calcification activity.

Use of cardiovascular imaging in risk restratification of the diabetic patient.

Purpose Of Review: Diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk equivalent, but the optimal methods of risk stratification are a matter of debate. The coronary calcium score (CCS) is a measure of the burden of atherosclerosis and is widely used for CVD risk stratification in the general population. We review recently published data to describe the role of the CCS in people with diabetes mellitus.

Allopurinol-Induced Severe Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions: An Analysis of Spontaneous Reports in Malaysia (2000-2018).

Introduction: Allopurinol-induced severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs) are potentially debilitating and life-threatening reactions, which can cause a financial burden to the healthcare system.

Objectives: We aimed to identify risk factors for allopurinol-induced SCARs and to assess their impact on fatality.

Methods: Adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports with allopurinol as suspected drug were extracted from the Malaysian pharmacovigilance database from year 2000 to 2018.

F-Sodium Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography Activity Predicts the Development of New Coronary Artery Calcifications.

Objective: The coronary calcium score (CCS) predicts cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with diabetes, and rate of progression of CCS is an additional and incremental marker of risk. F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography (F-NaF PET) detects early and active calcifications within the vasculature. We aimed to ascertain the relationship between F-NaF PET activity and CCS progression in patients with diabetes.

Is breast arterial calcification associated with coronary artery disease?-A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: There is increasing evidence that breast arterial calcification (BAC), an incidental finding on 3-29% of mammograms, could be used to screen for coronary artery disease (CAD). We conducted a systematic review to assess the associations between BAC and CAD and its risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus and smoking).

Methods And Findings: MEDLINE and EMBASE databases and references of relevant papers were searched up to 18 February 2020 for English language studies that evaluated the associations of BAC and CAD and its risk factors.

pix2xray: converting RGB images into X-rays using generative adversarial networks.

Purpose: We propose a novel methodology for generating synthetic X-rays from 2D RGB images. This method creates accurate simulations for use in non-diagnostic visualization problems where the only input comes from a generic camera. Traditional methods are restricted to using simulation algorithms on 3D computer models.

Co-localized augmented human and X-ray observers in collaborative surgical ecosystem.

Purpose: Image-guided percutaneous interventions are safer alternatives to conventional orthopedic and trauma surgeries. To advance surgical tools in complex bony structures during these procedures with confidence, a large number of images is acquired. While image-guidance is the de facto standard to guarantee acceptable outcome, when these images are presented on monitors far from the surgical site the information content cannot be associated easily with the 3D patient anatomy.

Enabling machine learning in X-ray-based procedures via realistic simulation of image formation.

Purpose: Machine learning-based approaches now outperform competing methods in most disciplines relevant to diagnostic radiology. Image-guided procedures, however, have not yet benefited substantially from the advent of deep learning, in particular because images for procedural guidance are not archived and thus unavailable for learning, and even if they were available, annotations would be a severe challenge due to the vast amounts of data. In silico simulation of X-ray images from 3D CT is an interesting alternative to using true clinical radiographs since labeling is comparably easy and potentially readily available.

Upbeat: Augmented Reality-Guided Dancing for Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Upper Limb Amputees.

Unsuccessful rehabilitation therapy is a widespread issue amongst modern day amputees. Of the estimated 10 million amputees worldwide, 3 million of whom are upper limb amputees, a large majority are discontent and experience rejection with their current prosthesis during activities of daily living (ADL). Here we introduce , an augmented reality (AR) dance game designed to improve rehabilitation therapies in upper limb amputees.

Automatic intraoperative stitching of nonoverlapping cone-beam CT acquisitions.

Purpose: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is one of the primary imaging modalities in radiation therapy, dentistry, and orthopedic interventions. While CBCT provides crucial intraoperative information, it is bounded by a limited imaging volume, resulting in reduced effectiveness. This paper introduces an approach allowing real-time intraoperative stitching of overlapping and nonoverlapping CBCT volumes to enable 3D measurements on large anatomical structures.

Plan in 2-D, execute in 3-D: an augmented reality solution for cup placement in total hip arthroplasty.

Reproducibly achieving proper implant alignment is a critical step in total hip arthroplasty procedures that has been shown to substantially affect patient outcome. In current practice, correct alignment of the acetabular cup is verified in C-arm x-ray images that are acquired in an anterior-posterior (AP) view. Favorable surgical outcome is, therefore, heavily dependent on the surgeon's experience in understanding the 3-D orientation of a hemispheric implant from 2-D AP projection images.

Multi-modal imaging, model-based tracking, and mixed reality visualisation for orthopaedic surgery.

Orthopaedic surgeons are still following the decades old workflow of using dozens of two-dimensional fluoroscopic images to drill through complex 3D structures, e.g. pelvis.

Pose-aware C-arm for automatic re-initialization of interventional 2D/3D image registration.

Purpose: In minimally invasive interventions assisted by C-arm imaging, there is a demand to fuse the intra-interventional 2D C-arm image with pre-interventional 3D patient data to enable surgical guidance. The commonly used intensity-based 2D/3D registration has a limited capture range and is sensitive to initialization. We propose to utilize an opto/X-ray C-arm system which allows to maintain the registration during intervention by automating the re-initialization for the 2D/3D image registration.

Dual-robot ultrasound-guided needle placement: closing the planning-imaging-action loop.

Purpose: Precise needle placement is an important task during several medical procedures. Ultrasound imaging is often used to guide the needle toward the target region in soft tissue. This task remains challenging due to the user's dependence on image quality, limited field of view, moving target, and moving needle.

Calibration of RGBD camera and cone-beam CT for 3D intra-operative mixed reality visualization.

Purpose: This work proposes a novel algorithm to register cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) volumes and 3D optical (RGBD) camera views. The co-registered real-time RGBD camera and CBCT imaging enable a novel augmented reality solution for orthopedic surgeries, which allows arbitrary views using digitally reconstructed radiographs overlaid on the reconstructed patient's surface without the need to move the C-arm.

Methods: An RGBD camera is rigidly mounted on the C-arm near the detector.

Preclinical usability study of multiple augmented reality concepts for K-wire placement.

Purpose: In many orthopedic surgeries, there is a demand for correctly placing medical instruments (e.g., K-wire or drill) to perform bone fracture repairs.