Promotion of structural plasticity in area V2 of visual cortex prevents against object recognition memory deficits in aging and Alzheimer's disease rodents.

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202408000-00038/figure1/v/2023-12-16T180322Z/r/image-tiff Memory deficit, which is often associated with aging and many psychiatric, neurological, and neurodegenerative diseases, has been a challenging issue for treatment. Up till now, all potential drug candidates have failed to produce satisfactory effects.

RGS14414-Mediated Activation of the 14-3-3ζ in Rodent Perirhinal Cortex Induces Dendritic Arborization, an Increase in Spine Number, Long-Lasting Memory Enhancement, and the Prevention of Memory Deficits.

The remedy of memory deficits has been inadequate, as all potential candidates studied thus far have shown limited to no effects and a search for an effective strategy is ongoing. Here, we show that an expression of RGS14414 in rat perirhinal cortex (PRh) produced long-lasting object recognition memory (ORM) enhancement and that this effect was mediated through the upregulation of 14-3-3ζ, which caused a boost in BDNF protein levels and increase in pyramidal neuron dendritic arborization and dendritic spine number. A knockdown of the 14-3-3ζ gene in rat or the deletion of the BDNF gene in mice caused complete loss in ORM enhancement and increase in BDNF protein levels and neuronal plasticity, indicating that 14-3-3ζ-BDNF pathway-mediated structural plasticity is an essential step in RGS14414-induced memory enhancement.

RGS14 treatment induces memory enhancement and rescues episodic memory deficits.

Memory deficits affect a large proportion of the human population and are associated with aging and many neurologic, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric diseases. Treatment of this mental disorder has been disappointing because all potential candidates studied thus far have failed to produce consistent effects across various types of memory and have shown limited to no effects on memory deficits. Here, we show that the promotion of neuronal arborization through the expression of the regulator of G-protein signaling 14 of 414 amino acids (RGS14) not only induced robust enhancement of multiple types of memory but was also sufficient for the recovery of recognition, spatial, and temporal memory, which are kinds of episodic memory that are primarily affected in patients or individuals with memory dysfunction.

Growth hormone upregulates intestinal trefoil factor expression in the ileum of rats after γ-radiation.

Growth hormone (GH) and intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) have been involved in intestinal protection and repair. This study investigates the effects of GH administration on ITF expression and histological changes associated with tissue injury in an intestinal rat model of radiation. Adult male rats were divided into four groups: control, GH, radiation and radiation + GH (GHyRAD).

Effects of mannoprotein E1 in liquid diet on inflammatory response and TLR5 expression in the gut of rats infected by Salmonella typhimurium.

Background: Mannoproteins are yeast cell wall componend, and rich in mannose. The use of foods rich in mannose as carbohydrate, could have a bioprotective effect against entrobacteria intestinal infection. Nothing is known about mannoproteins' activity in inflammatory bowel processes induced by entrobacteria.

Pharmacological interaction of drugs with immune receptors: the p-i concept.

Drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions have been explained by the hapten concept, according to which a small chemical compound is too small to be recognized by the immune system. Only after covalently binding to an endogenous protein the immune system reacts to this so called hapten-carrier complex, as the larger molecule (protein) is modified, and thus immunogenic for B and T cells. Consequently, a B and T cell immune response might develop to the drug with very heterogeneous clinical manifestations.

Improvement of toxic epidermal necrolysis after the early administration of a single high dose of intravenous immunoglobulin.

Background: Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a severe disease often induced by drugs. Treatment is controversial, although intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) have been effective.

Objective: To report the case of a child with TEN after lamotrigine treatment, who improved 24 hours after IVIG administration.

Gene expression levels of cytokine profile and cytotoxic markers in non-immediate reactions to drugs.

Drugs can induce IgE mediated or T cell dependent immunological reactions. T cell dependent reactions are poorly understood, although T lymphocytes have been proposed as a protagonist in a number of non-immediate immunological reactions (NIR). The objective was to study in vivo different regulatory and proinflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic markers in patients with NIR to drugs.

Anaphylactic reaction to diphtheria-tetanus vaccine in a child: specific IgE/IgG determinations and cross-reactivity studies.

The present study describes the occurrence of an anaphylactic reaction after the administration of the fifth booster dose of DT vaccine in a six-year-old child. Skin test, in vitro determinations of specific IgE antibodies and immunoblotting assays showed that the IgE response was directed against tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (Dtx). IgG antibodies were also detected by ELISA and immunoblotting.

Delayed reactions to drugs show levels of perforin, granzyme B, and Fas-L to be related to disease severity.

Background: Drugs can induce different immunologic reactions; T-cell mediated responses produce the most severe reactions. Although in vitro studies show that T cells recognize drugs or their metabolites and induce an effector cytotoxic response, direct in vivo evidence of involvement is lacking. T lymphocytes produce cytotoxic markers that are responsible for 2 major pathways to cell death: granule-mediated exocytosis (perforin and granzyme B) and Fas/FasL interaction.