Transcription Factors ClrB and XlnR and Their Effect on the Transcription of Cellulase Genes in the Filamentous Fungus .

The filamentous fungus (anamorph ) has been shown to be an efficient producer of secreted cellulases, used in biorefinery processes. Understanding the mechanisms of regulation of cellulase gene expression in the fungus is a current task in industrial biotechnology, since it allows for targeted changes in the composition of the complex secreted by the fungus. Expression of cellulase genes in fungi is regulated mainly at the level of transcription via pathway-specific transcription factors (TF), the majority of which belong to the Zn(II)2Cys6 family of zinc binuclear cluster proteins.

The Protein Engineering of Zearalenone Hydrolase Results in a Shift in the pH Optimum of the Relative Activity of the Enzyme.

An acidic shift in the pH profile of zearalenone hydrolase (ZHD), the most effective and well-studied zearalenone-specific lactone hydrolase, is required to extend the range of applications for the enzyme as a decontamination agent in the feed and food production industries. Amino acid substitutions were engineered in the active center of the enzyme to decrease the pKa values of the catalytic residues E126 and H242. The T216K substitution provided a shift in the pH optimum by one unit to the acidic region, accompanied by a notable expansion in the pH profile under acidic conditions.

Cloning of Three Aflatoxin B1 Oxidases of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase III Family and Evaluation of Their Potential for Practical Applications as Decontamination Enzymes.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) produced by some species belongs to the most dangerous contaminants of animal feeds. Development of safe and cost efficient decontamination methods saving feed quality and nutritional value are of paramount importance. The use of recombinant AFB1-detoxifying microbial enzymes represents a promising biotechnological approach meeting the aforementioned requirements.

The role of intracellular β-glucosidase in cellulolytic response induction in filamentous fungus Penicillium verruculosum.

In this study, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing was used to knockout the bgl2 gene encoding intracellular β-glucosidase filamentous fungus Penicillium verruculosum. This resulted in a dramatic reduction of secretion of cellulolytic enzymes. The study of P.

Recombinant Oxidase from as a Potential Tool for Aflatoxin B1 Degradation in Contaminated Cereal Grain.

Forage grain contamination with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a global problem, so its detoxification with the aim of providing feed safety and cost-efficiency is still a relevant issue. AFB1 degradation by microbial enzymes is considered to be a promising detoxification approach. In this study, we modified an previously developed GS115 expression system using a chimeric signal peptide to obtain a new recombinant producer of extracellular AFB1 oxidase (AFO) from (the yield of 0.

Some Structural Elements of Bacterial Protein MF3 That Influence Its Ability to Induce Plant Resistance to Fungi, Viruses, and Other Plant Pathogens.

The ability of the MF3 protein from to protect plants by inducing their resistance to pathogenic fungi, bacteria, and viruses is well confirmed both in greenhouses and in the field; however, the molecular basis of this phenomenon remains unexplored. To find a relationship between the primary (and spatial) structure of the protein and its target activity, we analyzed the inducing activity of a set of mutants generated by alanine scanning and an alpha-helix deletion (ahD) in the part of the MF3 molecule previously identified by our group as a 29-amino-acid peptide working as the inducer on its own. Testing the mutants' inducing activity using the "tobacco-tobacco mosaic virus" pathosystem revealed that some of them showed an almost threefold (V60A and V62A) or twofold (G51A, L58A, ahD) reduction in inducing activity compared to the wild-type MF3 type.

Flexibility of active center affects thermostability and activity of Penicillium canescens xylanase E.

Xylanases are used in several industrial applications, such as feed additives, the bleaching of pulp and paper, and the production of bread, food, and drinks. Xylanases are required to remain active after heat treatment at 80-90 °C for 30 s to several minutes due to the conditions of feed pelleting. Also, xylanases need to be active at 60-70 °C for several hours while bleaching of pulp and paper or manufacturing of bread, food, and drinks is performed.

Development of dual reporter vector system for estimating translational activity of regulatory elements.

Background: For the needs of modern biotechnology, a quantitative approach to the control of regulatory elements at all stages of gene expression has long become indispensable. Such a control regime is impossible without a quantitative analysis of the role of each regulatory element or pattern used. Therefore, it seems important to modify and develop the accuracy, reproducibility, and availability of methods for quantifying the contribution of each regulatory code to the implementation of genetic information.

Expression and Refolding of the Plant Chitinase From for Applications as a Sustainable and Integrated Pest Management.

Recently, the study of chitinases has become an important target of numerous research projects due to their potential for applications, such as biocontrol pest agents. Plant chitinases from carnivorous plants of the genus are most aggressive against a wide range of phytopathogens. However, low solubility or insolubility of the target protein hampered application of chitinases as biofungicides.

Desmoplastic Neurotropic Melanoma Presenting as Pilonidal Sinus: A Rare Clinical Association.

BACKGROUND Pilonidal Sinus (PNS) is a small cutaneous orifice in the intergluteal region; symptoms include pain and swelling. Disparately, desmoplastic neurotropic melanoma (DNM) accounts for 1% of all melanomas and mostly occurs in the head and neck region. Because its appearance is generally benign, it typically comes to surgical attention only at an advanced stage or after recurrence.

Screening for Melanoma and Other Skin Cancer Shows a Higher Early Melanoma Incidence: Social Educational Program "Life Fear-Free".

Background: The screening program Life Fear-Free (LFF) aimed at early diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma (CM) was introduced in Samara, Chelyabinsk, Yekaterinburg, and Krasnodar (Russia) in 2019.

Objectives: To analyze the impact of the program on early CM and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) detection.

Methods: According to the social educational campaign, people were informed about CM risk factors and symptoms and were invited for skin examination.

Creation of Chitinase Producer and Disruption of Micromycete Cell Wall with the Obtained Enzyme Preparation.

A recombinant strain producing a complex of extracellular enzymes including chitinase from Myceliophtora thermophila was created based on the fungus Penicillium verruculosum. The activity of the enzyme preparations obtained from the cultural fluid of the producer strain was 0.55, 0.

Exosomes in the phloem and xylem of woody plants.

Exosomes in the secondary phloem and secondary xylem of angiosperms and gymnosperms have physiological roles in the storage and transport of endoglucanases. Knowledge of plant extracellular vesicles (EVs) is limited by their presence in the apoplastic fluid of seeds and leaves. The contents of plant EVs and their biological functions are unclear.

In vivo burn diagnosis by camera-phone diffuse reflectance laser speckle detection.

Burn diagnosis using laser speckle light typically employs widefield illumination of the burn region to produce two-dimensional speckle patterns from light backscattered from the entire irradiated tissue volume. Analysis of speckle contrast in these time-integrated patterns can then provide information on burn severity. Here, by contrast, we use point illumination to generate diffuse reflectance laser speckle patterns of the burn.

[Surgical treatment of aortic arch malformations in infants under cardiopulmonary bypass].

Aim: To evaluate long-term results and the causes of complications in congenital obstructive pathology of the aortic arch.

Material And Methods: Retrospective study enrolled 62 patients aged 55 ± 14 days who underwent aortic arch surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. It was compared two methods of aortic archplasty: use of xenopericardial material in group 1 and Rajasinghe's autoplastic method in group 2.

Static laser speckle contrast analysis for noninvasive burn diagnosis using a camera-phone imager.

Laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA) is an established optical technique for accurate widefield visualization of relative blood perfusion when no or minimal scattering from static tissue elements is present, as demonstrated, for example, in LASCA imaging of the exposed cortex. However, when LASCA is applied to diagnosis of burn wounds, light is backscattered from both moving blood and static burn scatterers, and thus the spatial speckle contrast includes both perfusion and nonperfusion components and cannot be straightforwardly associated to blood flow. We extract from speckle contrast images of burn wounds the nonperfusion (static) component and discover that it conveys useful information on the ratio of static-to-dynamic scattering composition of the wound, enabling identification of burns of different depth in a porcine model in vivo within the first 48 h postburn.

Accurate, fully-automated NMR spectral profiling for metabolomics.

Many diseases cause significant changes to the concentrations of small molecules (a.k.a.

MetaboAnalyst 3.0--making metabolomics more meaningful.

MetaboAnalyst (www.metaboanalyst.ca) is a web server designed to permit comprehensive metabolomic data analysis, visualization and interpretation.

[Results of surgical treatment of the anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk].

The experience of the federal medical center of the surgical treatment of small patients with the anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk was analyzed. The early surgical treatment, directed at the reconstruction of the two sources of myocardial blood supply together with the standard use of "calcium sensitizer" ("Levosimendan") decrease the lethality to 6.6% without the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Differential metabolite profiles and salinity tolerance between two genetically related brown-seeded and yellow-seeded Brassica carinata lines.

Brassica carinata (Ethiopian mustard) has previously been identified as a potential crop species suitable for marginal land in the North American prairies due to its relatively high salt tolerance. Two genetically related B. carinata lines with brown-seeded (BS) and yellow-seeded (YS) phenotypes were assessed for their tolerance to sodium sulfate.

HMDB 3.0--The Human Metabolome Database in 2013.

The Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (www.hmdb.ca) is a resource dedicated to providing scientists with the most current and comprehensive coverage of the human metabolome.

METAGENassist: a comprehensive web server for comparative metagenomics.

With recent improvements in DNA sequencing and sample extraction techniques, the quantity and quality of metagenomic data are now growing exponentially. This abundance of richly annotated metagenomic data and bacterial census information has spawned a new branch of microbiology called comparative metagenomics. Comparative metagenomics involves the comparison of bacterial populations between different environmental samples, different culture conditions or different microbial hosts.

Chromosomal aberrations in adenomatoid hyperplasia of palatal minor salivary gland.

Adenomatoid hyperplasia of minor salivary glands is rare, idiopathic, and benign, and typically presents as a tumour-like mass in the hard or soft palate. Its exact nature is not clear and histological examination usually shows an excess of normal-appearing minor salivary glands. To our knowledge, cytogenetic analysis of it in a minor salivary gland of the palate has not previously been reported.

MetaboAnalyst 2.0--a comprehensive server for metabolomic data analysis.

First released in 2009, MetaboAnalyst (www.metaboanalyst.ca) was a relatively simple web server designed to facilitate metabolomic data processing and statistical analysis.