The patterns and position of snacking in children in aged 2-12 years: A scoping review.

Background: Childhood obesity is associated with serious comorbidities during childhood and into adulthood. One potential risk factor for childhood obesity is consumption of unhealthy, energy-dense foods. This scoping review examines evidence on snacking in children aged 2-12 years of age and presents the patterns and position of snacking in children's diets.

Exploring the attitudes of general dental practitioners to providing dietary advice alongside oral rehabilitation for older adults.

Objective: We aimed to capture General Dental Practitioners' (GDPs) views on delivering dietary advice to older adults in combination with treatment to replace missing teeth and identify solutions to help inform the development and implementation of future dietary interventions within primary dental care.

Background: As natural teeth are lost, older adults may need to choose softer, more manageable foods which might be of lower nutrient density. Previous research has indicated that prosthodontic rehabilitation can improve masticatory function but not the intake of nutrients, highlighting a potential need for a combined approach of oral rehabilitation and dietary counselling.

Combined effect of eating speed instructions and food texture modification on eating rate, appetite and later food intake.

Modifying food texture and eating slowly each reduce appetite and energy intake. No study has evaluated the effect of combining these measures to slow eating speed and determine the effect on appetite. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a combined effect of manipulating oral processing behaviours (OPBs) in this manner on self-reported satiety and subsequent food intake.

Establishing Healthy Eating 'Habits': A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial of a Habit-Based Dietary Intervention following Oral Rehabilitation for Older Adults.

An ageing population presents significant nutritional challenges, particularly for partially dentate adults. This two-armed pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) compared habit formation (automaticity) for healthy eating behaviours between control and intervention groups after participation in a habit-based dietary intervention for older adults, following oral rehabilitation in the United Kingdom (UK). = 54 participants were randomised to receive a habit-based dietary intervention (intervention group = 27, IG) or standard dietary advice in a leaflet (control group = 27, CG).

The Power of Suggestion: Subjective Satiety Is Affected by Nutrient and Health-Focused Food Labelling with No Effect on Physiological Gut Hormone Release.

Health claims on food labelling can influence peoples' perception of food without them actually eating it, for example driving a belief that a particular food will make them feel fuller. The aim of this study was to investigate whether nutrient and health claims on food labelling can influence self-reported, and physiological indicators of, satiation. A total of 50 participants attended two visits where they were asked to consume a 380 kcal breakfast (granola and yogurt) labelled as a 500 kcal 'indulgent' breakfast at one visit and as a 250 kcal 'sensible' breakfast at the other.

Effect of financial voucher incentives provided with UK stop smoking services on the cessation of smoking in pregnant women (CPIT III): pragmatic, multicentre, single blinded, phase 3, randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To examine effectiveness, cost effectiveness, generalisability, and acceptability of financial incentives for smoking cessation during pregnancy in addition to variously organised UK stop smoking services.

Design: Pragmatic, multicentre, single blinded, phase 3, randomised controlled trial (Cessation in Pregnancy Incentives Trial phase 3 (CPIT III)).

Setting: Seven UK stop smoking services provided in primary and secondary care facilities in Scotland, Northern Ireland, and England.

uSing rolE-substitutioN In care homes to improve ORal health (SENIOR): a study protocol.

Background: Dental service provision in the care home sector is poor, with little emphasis on prevention. Emerging evidence suggests that the use of Dental Care Professionals (dental therapists and dental nurses) as an alternative to dentists has the potential to improve preventive advice, the provision of care and access to services within care homes. However, robust empirical evidence from definitive trials on how to successfully implement and sustain these interventions within care homes is currently lacking.

Caries management using silver diamine fluoride and providing domiciliary dental care for dependent older adults: A qualitative study of Swiss dentists.

Objectives: Maintaining the oral health of dependent older adults is challenging, with limited access to dental care and limited focus on preventive oral health programmes. This study aimed to evaluate the attitudes of General Dental Practitioners (GDPs), working in Switzerland, to caring for dependent older adults with a focus on the use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a caries preventive agent and more widely on the provision of domiciliary dental care (DDC).

Methods: Seventeen GDPs working in Switzerland were interviewed.

Putting guidelines into practice: Using co-design to develop a complex intervention based on NG48 to enable care staff to provide daily oral care to older people living in care homes.

Objectives: (1) Explore the challenges of providing daily oral care in care homes; (2) understand oral care practices provided by care home staff; (3) co-design practical resources supporting care home staff in these activities.

Methods: Three Sheffield care homes were identified via the "ENRICH Research Ready Care Home Network," and three to six staff per site were recruited as co-design partners. Design researchers led three co-design workshops exploring care home staff's experiences of providing daily oral care, including challenges, coping strategies and the role of current guidelines.

Associations between self-reported periodontal disease and nutrient intakes and nutrient-based dietary patterns in the UK Biobank.

Aim: To examine the cross-sectional associations between single nutrient intakes and posteriori nutrient-based dietary patterns and periodontal disease risk in a subset of the UK Biobank cohort.

Materials And Methods: Dietary data were collected by 24-h dietary recall on up to five separate occasions over 16 months. A touchscreen questionnaire was used to collect oral health information.

Improving the oral health of older people in care homes (TOPIC): a protocol for a feasibility study.

Background: Evidence for interventions promoting oral health amongst care home residents is weak. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline NG48 aims to maintain and improve the oral health of care home residents. A co-design process that worked with residents and care home staff to understand how the NG48 guideline could be best implemented in practice has been undertaken to refine a complex intervention.

General dentists' attitudes and perceived barriers in providing domiciliary dental care to older adults in long-term care facilities or their homes in Northern Ireland: A descriptive qualitative study.

Objective: Many older patients, housebound or living in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) have limited access to dental care. This descriptive qualitative study aimed to understand general dental practitioners (GDPs) attitudes and perceived barriers to undertaking Domiciliary Dental Care (DDC) for those patients in Northern Ireland (NI).

Methods: Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 12 GDPs in Northern Ireland.

Evaluating the effectiveness of fluoride varnish in preventing caries amongst Long-Term Care Facility Residents.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of professionally applied fluoride varnish on the incidence of dental caries amongst older adults resident in LTCFs in Northern Ireland.

Background: The oral health status of older adults within Long-Term Care Facilities (LTCFs) is significantly worse than their community living peers. Whilst evidence suggests an important role for fluoride varnish in preventing caries in this population, very few studies have evaluated this intervention.

Development and feasibility of a tailored habit-based dietary intervention coupled with natural tooth replacement on the nutritional status of older patients.

Background: Older adults suffering partial tooth loss may need additional intervention strategies other than natural tooth replacement alone to improve their nutritional status. This study aimed to design and develop a habit-based tailored dietary intervention and to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention, in conjunction with natural tooth replacement, amongst partially dentate older adults.

Methods: The design and development of the dietary intervention (phase 1) consisted of analysis of the target population's dietary intake and qualitative research through focus groups with community-dwelling older adults (aged 65 years and over).

Development of a core outcome set for oral health services research involving dependent older adults (DECADE): a study protocol.

Background: Oral healthcare service provision for dependent older adults is often poor. For dental services to provide more responsive and equitable care, evidence-based approaches are needed. To facilitate future research, the development and application of a core outcome set would be beneficial.

The impact of oral rehabilitation coupled with healthy dietary advice on the nutritional status of adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

As natural teeth are lost, many older adults choose softer foods lacking in essential micronutrients and fiber, yet replacing missing teeth alone does not positively influence diet. Dietary intervention in combination with treatment to replace missing teeth is increasing, though understanding of effective intervention components is limited. This systematic review synthesized literature relating to oral rehabilitation coupled with dietary intervention in adults.

The impact of dental status on perceived ability to eat certain foods and nutrient intakes in older adults: cross-sectional analysis of the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2008-2014.

Background: Many factors determine dietary intake in older adults, including physical health, psychological well-being and socio-economic status. Dental status may also be important. The aim was to examine how dental status impacts perceived ability to eat to certain foods, nutrient intake and nutritional status in UK older adults.

Impaired growth in rural Gambian infants exposed to aflatoxin: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Exposure to aflatoxin, a mycotoxin produced by fungi that commonly contaminates cereal crops across sub-Saharan Africa, has been associated with impaired child growth. We investigated the impact of aflatoxin exposure on the growth of Gambian infants from birth to two years of age, and the impact on insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-axis proteins.

Methods: A subsample (N = 374) of infants from the Early Nutrition and Immune Development (ENID) trial (ISRCTN49285450) were included in this study.

Study of an Educational Hand Sorting Intervention for Reducing Aflatoxin B in Groundnuts in Rural Gambia.

Aflatoxin, a human liver carcinogen, frequently contaminates groundnuts, maize, rice, and other grains, especially in Africa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention that involved training rural Gambian women on how to identify and remove moldy groundnuts to reduce aflatoxin B (AFB) contamination. In total, 25 women, recruited from the West Kiang region of The Gambia, were trained on how to recognize and remove moldy groundnuts.

Aflatoxin Exposure and Associated Human Health Effects, a Review of Epidemiological Studies.

Aflatoxins are fungal toxins that possess acute life threatening toxicity, carcinogenic properties and other potential chronic adverse effects. Dietary exposure to aflatoxins is considered a major public health concern, especially for subsistence farming communities in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, where dietary staple food crops such as groundnuts and maize are often highly contaminated with aflatoxin due to hot and humid climates and poor storage, together with low awareness of risk and lack of enforcement of regulatory limits. Biomarkers have been developed and applied in many epidemiological studies assessing aflatoxin exposure and the associated health effects in these high-risk population groups.

Dietary exposure to aflatoxin and micronutrient status among young children from Guinea.

Scope: Aflatoxin exposure coincides with micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries. Animal feeding studies have postulated that aflatoxin exposure may be exacerbating micronutrient deficiencies. Evidence available in human subjects is limited and inconsistent.

Effect of a Web-Based Behavior Change Program on Weight Loss and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Adults at High Risk of Developing Cardiovascular Disease: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Web-based programs are a potential medium for supporting weight loss because of their accessibility and wide reach. Research is warranted to determine the shorter- and longer-term effects of these programs in relation to weight loss and other health outcomes.

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the effects of a Web-based component of a weight loss service (Imperative Health) in an overweight/obese population at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) using a randomized controlled design and a true control group.

Interventions targeting child undernutrition in developing countries may be undermined by dietary exposure to aflatoxin.

Child undernutrition, a form of malnutrition, is a major public health burden in developing countries. Supplementation interventions targeting the major micronutrient deficiencies have only reduced the burden of child undernutrition to a certain extent, indicating that there are other underlying determinants that need to be addressed. Aflatoxin exposure, which is also highly prevalent in developing countries, may be considered an aggravating factor for child undernutrition.