A cognitive task analysis of final year nursing students' situation awareness in simulated deteriorating patient events: A mixed methods study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to: (1) use cognitive task analysis to describe final year nursing students situation awareness in recognising, responding and escalating care of deteriorating patients in ward settings; and (2) make recommendations for training and practice.

Design: A mixed methods cognitive task analysis with a convergent triangulation design.

Method: Data collection involved observations of 33 final year nursing students in simulated deteriorating patient scenarios and retrospective cognitive interviews.

Metabolic Syndrome in Adults Receiving Clozapine; The Need for Pharmacist Support.

People who are diagnosed with treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS) are likely to have clozapine as a therapeutic management option. There is a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients receiving clozapine. To mitigate against this, monitoring of weight, waist circumference, lipid profile, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and blood pressure (BP) is recommended.

Customised acoustic therapy delivered through a web-based platform-An innovative approach to tinnitus treatment.

Objectives: Customised acoustic therapy aims to moderate the neural pathways implicated in the pathophysiology of tinnitus. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of customised acoustic therapy administered via a web-based treatment platform.

Design: Clinical trial with prospective recruitment.

FiveQ: A new easy-to-use validated clinical instrument for tinnitus severity.

Objectives: Tinnitus is a complex and debilitating phenomenon with potentially significant implications on quality of life. New presentations can be resource and time intensive for clinicians. Validated comprehensive tinnitus questionnaires may lack practical utility in the high-volume clinical setting.

Cognitive segmentation and fluid reasoning in childhood.

The ability to solve novel complex problems predicts success in a wide range of areas. Recent research suggests that the ability to cognitively segment complex problems into smaller parts constrains nonverbal reasoning in adults. This study aimed to test whether cognitively segmenting problems improves nonverbal reasoning performance for children as it does for adults.

Social and emotional characteristics of girls and young women with DDX3X-associated intellectual disability: a descriptive and comparative study.

DDX3X variants are a common cause of intellectual disability (ID) in females, and have been associated with autism spectrum disorder and emotional-behavioural difficulties. In this study, we compared phenotypic data for 23 females with DDX3X variants, to 23 females with ID and other genetic diagnoses. We found a wide range of adaptive, social and emotional function within the DDX3X group.

[Formula: see text]FarmApp: a new assessment of cognitive control and memory for children and young people with neurodevelopmental difficulties.

We introduce a new touchscreen-based method measuring aspects of cognitive control and memory, in children and young people with neurodevelopmental difficulties, including intellectual disability (ID). FarmApp is a gamified, tablet-based assessment tool measuring go/no-go response speed, response inhibition, visuospatial short-term memory span, and long-term memory. Here, we assessed the feasibility, validity, and utility of the method, including the benefits of measuring change in performance over two weeks.

Situation awareness and the mitigation of risk associated with patient deterioration: A meta-narrative review of theories and models and their relevance to nursing practice.

Background: Accurate situation awareness has been identified as a critical component of effective deteriorating patient response systems and an essential patient safety skill for nursing practice. However, situation awareness has been defined and theorised from multiple perspectives to explain how individuals, teams and systems maintain awareness in dynamic task environments.

Aim: Our aim was to critically analyse the different approaches taken to the study of situation awareness in healthcare and explore the implications for nursing practice and research as it relates to clinical deterioration in ward contexts.

Gene functional networks and autism spectrum characteristics in young people with intellectual disability: a dimensional phenotyping study.

Background: The relationships between specific genetic aetiology and phenotype in neurodevelopmental disorders are complex and hotly contested. Genes associated with intellectual disability (ID) can be grouped into networks according to gene function. This study explored whether individuals with ID show differences in autism spectrum characteristics (ASC), depending on the functional network membership of their rare, pathogenic de novo genetic variants.

Proximal Upper Limb Sensorimotor Integration in Response to Novel Motor Skill Acquisition.

Previous studies have shown significant changes in cortical and subcortical evoked potential activity levels in response to motor training with the distal upper-limb muscles. However, no studies to date have assessed the neurological processing changes in somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) associated with motor training whole-arm movements utilizing proximal upper-limb muscles. The proximal upper-limb muscles are a common source of work-related injuries, due to repetitive glenohumeral movements.

The role of key workers in improving physical health in first episode psychosis: A scoping review.

Aim: Studies have demonstrated that a majority of the decline in health status and functioning emerges during the first few years following the onset of psychosis. This knowledge led to the development of specialized early intervention services (EIS) targeting patients experiencing their first episode of psychosis (FEP). The central component of EIS is often assertive case management delivered by a multidisciplinary team, where an appointed key worker is responsible for coordinating treatment and delivering various psychosocial interventions to service users.

STXBP1-associated neurodevelopmental disorder: a comparative study of behavioural characteristics.

Background: De novo loss of function mutations in STXBP1 are a relatively common cause of epilepsy and intellectual disability (ID). However, little is known about the types and severities of behavioural features associated with this genetic diagnosis.

Methods: To address this, we collected systematic phenotyping data encompassing neurological, developmental, and behavioural characteristics.

Key Worker-Mediated Enhancement of Physical Health in First Episode Psychosis: Protocol For a Feasibility Study in Primary Care.

Background: Studies have demonstrated that, for patients with psychosis, a majority of the decline in health status and functioning emerges during the first few years after the onset of illness. This knowledge led to the development of specialized early intervention services (EISs) targeting patients experiencing their first episode of psychosis. The central component of EISs is often assertive case management delivered by a multidisciplinary team, where an appointed key worker is responsible for coordinating treatment and delivering various psychosocial interventions to service users.

Effect of a proficiency-based progression simulation programme on clinical communication for the deteriorating patient: a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a proficiency-based progression (PBP) training approach to clinical communication in the context of a clinically deteriorating patient.

Design: This is a randomised controlled trial with three parallel arms.

Setting: This study was conducted in a university in Ireland.

Educational Interventions to Enhance Situation Awareness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of educational interventions on health care professionals' situation awareness (SA). We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, HW Wilson, ERIC, Scopus, EMBASE, PsycINFO, psycARTICLES, Psychology and Behavioural Science Collection and the Cochrane library. Articles that reported a targeted SA intervention or a broader intervention incorporating SA, and an objective outcome measure of SA were included.

Protein structure and phenotypic analysis of pathogenic and population missense variants in .

Background: Syntaxin-binding protein 1, encoded by , is highly expressed in the brain and involved in fusing synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane. Studies have shown that pathogenic loss-of-function variants in this gene result in various types of epilepsies, mostly beginning early in life. We were interested to model pathogenic missense variants on the protein structure to investigate the mechanism of pathogenicity and genotype-phenotype correlations.

Delivery of information to orthodontic patients using social media.

DesignRandomised controlled trial in a hospital setting.InterventionBoth groups were given standard verbal and written information for patients receiving orthodontic treatment. In addition, patients in the intervention group received e-mails asking them to view a specifically designed YouTube unlisted video accessible through a web link in the e-mail.

An evaluation of portion size estimation aids: Consumer perspectives on their effectiveness.

Objective: This qualitative study aimed to investigate consumer opinions on the usefulness of portion size estimation aids (PSEA); consumer preferences in terms of format and context for use; and the level of detail of guidance considered necessary for the effective application of PSEA.

Design: Six focus groups (three to eight participants per group) were conducted to elicit views on PSEA. The discussions were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed by two independent researchers using a template approach.

Suprathreshold measures of taste perception in children - Association with dietary quality and body weight.

Childhood obesity is an increasing problem in the Western world, and is affected by a multitude of interacting factors. Recent evidence suggests that taste perception may differ between obese and normal weight children. Evidence also suggests that perception of sweet and bitter taste is linked to differential food liking of various foods.

Laser ablation electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry for regulatory screening of domoic acid in shellfish.

Rationale: Domoic acid (DA) is a potent neurotoxin that accumulates in shellfish. Routine testing involves homogenization, extraction and chromatographic analysis, with a run time of up to 30 min. Improving throughput using ambient ionization for direct analysis of DA in tissue would result in significant time savings for regulatory testing labs.

An evaluation of portion size estimation aids: precision, ease of use and likelihood of future use.

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the precision, ease of use and likelihood of future use of portion size estimation aids (PSEA).

Design: A range of PSEA were used to estimate the serving sizes of a range of commonly eaten foods and rated for ease of use and likelihood of future usage.

Setting: For each food, participants selected their preferred PSEA from a range of options including: quantities and measures; reference objects; measuring; and indicators on food packets.

Development of a mental health smartphone app: perspectives of mental health service users.

Background: Current mental health policy emphasises the importance of service user involvement in the delivery of care. Information Technology can have an effect on quality and efficiency of care.

Aims: The aim of this study is to gain the viewpoint of service users from a local mental health service in developing a mental health app.

A strategy to reposition the South Australian health system for quality and value.

Clinical commissioning was introduced in South Australia in 2012 to support implementation of the South Australian Health Care Plan and to achieve the desired transformation and efficiency gains required for a sustainable health system. This paper describes how the South Australian Commissioning Model was established and the process of developing the necessary culture, governance arrangements and performance management structures. Commissioning has played a key role in improving appropriateness and quality of clinical practice, resulting in reduced hospital inpatient growth and average length of stay.

Secular trends in reported portion size of food and beverages consumed by Irish adults.

The present analysis aimed to investigate the changes in the reported portion sizes (PS) of foods and beverages commonly consumed by Irish adults (18-64 years) from the North South Ireland Food Consumption Survey (NSIFCS) (1997-2001) and the National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) (2008-10). Food PS, which are defined as the weight of food (g) consumed per eating occasion, were calculated for comparable foods and beverages in two nationally representative cross-sectional Irish food consumption surveys and were published in NSIFCS and NANS. Repeated measure mixed model analysis compared reported food PS at the total population level as well as subdivided by sex, age, BMI and social class.

The effect of ice-slushy consumption on plasma vasoactive intestinal peptide during prolonged exercise in the heat.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of exercise in the heat on thermoregulatory responses and plasma vasoactive intestinal peptide concentration (VIP) and whether it is modulated by ice-slushy consumption. Ten male participants cycled at 62% V̇O2max for 90min in 32°C and 40% relative humidity. A thermoneutral (37°C) or ice-slushy (-1°C) sports drink was given at 3.