Identifying autistic children: Priorities for research arising from a systematic review of parents' experiences of the assessment process.

Hearing about parents' experiences of having their child recognised as autistic could help improve the supports offered to parents. Our article may also help guide future research on this topic. We made a list of the type of research that interested us.

Comparative genomic analysis demonstrates that true reinfection following SARS-CoV-2 infection is possible.

Background: In recent months, multiple cases of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 reinfection have been reported. However, accurate epidemiological and virological data, including genomic analysis where possible, are required to differentiate cases of prolonged viral RNA shedding (i.e.

Laboratory-based testing for hepatitis C infection using dried blood spot samples: A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy.

The use of dried blood spot (DBS) samples can facilitate the implementation of reflex testing by circumventing the need for centrifugation and freezing of venous blood samples. This systematic review assessed the accuracy of using DBS samples to diagnose chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. A comprehensive search was undertaken to identify articles published up to July 2020 evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of anti-HCV, HCV-RNA and HCV core antigen tests using DBS.

Chronic kidney disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Limited evidence exists on the role that the cause of chronic kidney disease plays in determining pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the association between chronic kidney disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes by the cause and severity of chronic kidney disease where reported. The protocol was registered under the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42020211925).

Pharmacological interventions to prevent Covid-19 disease: A rapid review.

The aim of this rapid review was to determine the effectiveness of pharmacological interventions (excluding vaccines) to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) or reduce the severity of disease. A systematic search of published peer-reviewed articles and non-peer-reviewed pre-prints was undertaken from 1 January 2020 to 17 August 2021. Four randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and one non-RCT were included; three trials (two RCTs and one non-RCT) tested ivermectin with or without carrageenan.

Interventions for fear of childbirth including tocophobia.

Background: Many women experience fear of childbirth (FOC). While fears about childbirth may be normal during pregnancy, some women experience high to severe FOC. At the extreme end of the fear spectrum is tocophobia, which is considered a specific condition that may cause distress, affect well-being during pregnancy and impede the transition to parenthood.

A rapid review of measures to support people in isolation or quarantine during the Covid-19 pandemic and the effectiveness of such measures.

This rapid review aimed to identify measures available to support those in isolation or quarantine during the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, and determine their effectiveness in improving adherence to these recommendations and or reducing transmission. The rapid review consisted of two elements, the first was a review of guidance published by national and international agencies relating to measures to support those in isolation (due to case status) or quarantine (due to close contact status) during the Covid-19 pandemic. Five categories of support measures were identified in the international guidance, they were: Psychological, addiction and safety supports, Essential supplies, Financial aid, Information provision and Enforcement.

Laboratory-based dried blood spot testing for hepatitis C: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy.

Diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection typically involves collection of venous blood samples prior to serological investigation of an antibody response followed by a confirmatory viral load or antigen test to verify active HCV infection. This conventional pathway poses logistical challenges for the implementation of reflex testing, whereby the confirmatory test is performed on the same sample used for serological investigation. Dried blood spot (DBS) testing, in which capillary blood is deposited on filter paper, is a less invasive alternative that can enable reflex testing without the need for venepuncture, centrifugation and freezing of samples.

Patients' spirituality perspectives at the end of life: a qualitative evidence synthesis.

Background: Understanding patient perceptions of their spiritual needs when approaching the end of life is essential to support the delivery of patient-centred care.

Aim: To conduct a qualitative evidence synthesis on spirituality and spiritual care needs at the end of life in all healthcare settings from the patients' perspective.

Design: Studies were included where they were primary qualitative studies exploring spirituality in patients with a life expectancy of 12 months or less in any setting.

The prevalence and risk factors of fear of childbirth among pregnant women: A cross-sectional study in Ireland.

Introduction: There is growing evidence of the considerable impact of fear of childbirth on women's health and well-being, but prevalence reports of high and severe fear of childbirth and reported risk factors have been inconsistent in various studies. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of high and severe fear of childbirth, and to identify risk factors of childbirth fear.

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among a convenience sample of 882 pregnant women attending antenatal care in Cork, Ireland.

The Impact of Caesarean Section on the Risk of Childhood Overweight and Obesity: New Evidence from a Contemporary Cohort Study.

Caesarean section (CS) rates are increasing globally and exceed 50% in some countries. Childhood obesity has been linked to CS via lack of exposure to vaginal microflora although the literature is inconsistent. We investigated the association between CS birth and the risk of childhood obesity using the nationally representative Growing-Up-in-Ireland (GUI) cohort.

The Terrorist Attacks and the Human Live Birth Sex Ratio: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Aim: The live birth sex ratio is defined as male/total births (M/F). Terrorist attacks have been associated with a transient decline in M/F 3-5 months later with an excess of male losses in ongoing pregnancies. The early 21st century is replete with religious/politically instigated attacks.

Comorbid depression and risk of lower extremity amputation in people with diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To compare the risk of lower extremity amputation (LEA) in people with diabetes with and without comorbid depression.

Research Design And Methods: A systematic review of the published literature was conducted. Six databases were searched including PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, the Cochrane Library and PsycARTICLES from inception to 22 June 2016, using a detailed search strategy and cross-checking of reference lists for potentially eligible studies published in English.

Thin-for-gestational age infants are at increased risk of neurodevelopmental delay at 2 years.

Background: Infants born small-for-gestational age (SGA) are at increased risk of developmental difficulties. Identifying those most at risk is challenging. We examined the effect of neonatal body composition and customised birthweight centiles on neurocognitive and behavioural outcomes at age 2.

Worldwide prevalence of tocophobia in pregnant women: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Tocophobia is defined as a severe fear of pregnancy and childbirth. There is increasing evidence that tocophobia may have short-term and long-term adverse effects on mother and baby. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the global prevalence of tocophobia in pregnancy.

Trial of labour after caesarean section and the risk of neonatal and infant death: a nationwide cohort study.

Background: Caesarean section (CS) rates are increasing worldwide and as a result repeat CS is common. The optimal mode of delivery in women with one previous CS is widely debated and the risks to the infant are understudied. The aim of the current study was to evaluate if women with a trial of labour after caesarean (TOLAC) had an increased odds of neonatal and infant death compared to women with an elective repeat CS (ERCS).

Different insulin types and regimens for pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes.

Background: Insulin requirements may change during pregnancy, and the optimal treatment for pre-existing diabetes is unclear. There are several insulin regimens (e.g.

An evaluation study of the Becton-Dickinson ProbeTec Qx (BDQx) trichomoniasis molecular diagnostic test in two large, urban STD services.

Objectives: The BASHH guidelines recommend molecular tests to aid diagnosis of (TV) infection; however many clinics continue to use relatively insensitive techniques (pH, wet-prep microscopy (WPM) and culture). Our objectives were to establish a laboratory pathway for TV testing with the Becton-Dickinson Qx (BDQx) molecular assay, to determine TV prevalence and to identify variables associated with TV detection.

Methods: A prospective study of 901 women attending two urban sexual health services for STI testing was conducted.

Incidence of surgical site infection following caesarean section: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.

Introduction: Caesarean section (CS) rates have increased globally during the past three decades. Surgical site infection (SSI) following CS is a common cause of morbidity with reported rates of 3-15%. SSI represents a substantial burden to the health system including increased length of hospitalisation and costs of postdischarge care.

Birth by Caesarean Section and the Risk of Adult Psychosis: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Despite the biological plausibility of an association between obstetric mode of delivery and psychosis in later life, studies to date have been inconclusive. We assessed the association between mode of delivery and later onset of psychosis in the offspring. A population-based cohort including data from the Swedish National Registers was used.

The impact of obstetric mode of delivery on childhood behavior.

Purpose: We investigated the hypothesis that mode of delivery affects childhood behavior and motor development and examined whether there are sex-specific associations, i.e., whether males and females have different risk estimates.

Neonatal outcomes following elective caesarean delivery at term: a hospital-based cohort study.

Objective: To assess neonatal outcomes following elective caesarean delivery (CD) at term (≥37 + 0 weeks gestation).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a single Irish maternity hospital. Elective CDs at term between August 2008 and July 2012 were reviewed.

Research review: Birth by caesarean section and development of autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Given the growing prevalence of birth by Caesarean section (CS) worldwide, it is important to understand any long-term effects CS delivery may have on a child's development. We assessed the impact of mode of delivery on autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science up to 28 February 2014.

Does a Caesarean section increase the time to a second live birth? A register-based cohort study.

Study Question: Does a primary Caesarean section influence the rate of, and time to, subsequent live birth compared with vaginal delivery?

Summary Answer: Caesarean section was associated with a reduction in the rate of subsequent live birth, particularly among elective and maternal-requested Caesareans indicating maternal choice plays a role.

What Is Known Already: Several studies have examined the relationship between Caesarean section and subsequent birth rate with conflicting results primarily due to poor epidemiological methods.

Study Design, Size, Duration: This Danish population register-based cohort study covered the period from 1982 to 2010 (N = 832 996).