Effect of Intravenous Lidocaine, Dexamethasone, and Their Combination on Postoperative Sore Throat: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Postoperative sore throat (POST), hoarseness, and cough after tracheal intubation are not uncommon. Although both lidocaine and dexamethasone have been used independently to reduce these events, there is no study assessing the combined effects of lidocaine and dexamethasone.

Methods: This prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled study enrolled 180 patients requiring general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation for >90 minutes.

Prediction of Difficult Airway Among Patients Requiring Endotracheal Intubation in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Nepal.

Introduction: Various screening tests are done for predicting difficult laryngoscopy with variable diagnostic accuracy. Difficult laryngoscopy is being considered a surrogate indicator of difficult intubation, though it is not the exact measure of intubation difficulty. Our objectives were to find out the better predictor of difficult laryngoscopy amongst the routinely used tests and also to find the ability of difficult laryngoscopy to predict difficult intubation.

Premedication with oral alprazolam and melatonin combination: a comparison with either alone--a randomized controlled factorial trial.

We assessed if the addition of melatonin to alprazolam has superior premedication effects compared to either drug alone. A prospective, double blind placebo controlled trial randomly assigned 80 adult patients (ASA 1&2) with a Visual Analogue Score (VAS) for anxiety ≥ 3 to receive a tablet containing a combination of alprazolam 0.5 mg and melatonin 3 mg, alprazolam 0.

Nepalese patients' anxiety and concerns before surgery.

Study Objective: To determine the changes in anxiety level and need for information at three different time points before surgery.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: Ward (T(1)), preoperative holding area (T(2)), and operating room (T(3)) of a university hospital.

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS type-1) in an Adolescent Following Extravasation of Dextrose Containing Fluid-an Underdiagnosed Case.

Due to its complex pathophysiology and wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, the diagnosis of CRPS is often missed in the early stage by primary care physicians. After being treated by a primary care physician for 5 months for chronic cellulitis, a 16-year-old girl was referred to our hospital with features of type-1 CRPS of the right upper extremity. Inability to diagnose early caused prolonged suffering to the girl with all the consequence of CRPS.