Metabolic syndrome in young Czech women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Methods: Sixty-nine young women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) [age 25.2+/- 4.7 years, with body mass index (BMI) 24.

Insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

The aim of our study was to compare insulin sensitivity in lean and obese European polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women with lean healthy women. We performed the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp in 83 women with PCOS [53 lean with body mass index (BMI) of 21.5 +/- 1.

Does the treatment of primary hyperaldosteronism influence glucose tolerance?

Primary hyperaldosteronism (PH) is frequently considered to be a secondary form of diabetes mellitus (DM). In our previous study we attempted to evaluate the prevalence of DM among patients with PH compared to control subjects with essential hypertension (EH). We have noted a relatively high prevalence of DM and impaired glucose tolerance in PH, but the differences between the PH and EH groups did not reach statistical significance.

[Personal experience with surgical treatment of insulinoma].

In 1981-2000 at the IIIrd Medical Clinic 60 patients were treated with confirmed organic hyperinsulinism. A surgical operation was indicated in 51 patients. In 42 a localized tumour was removed, in one diffuse adenomatosis was involved.

[Effect of insulin in polycystic ovary syndrome].

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been accompanied by insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to compare the insulin action between thin and obese women with PCOS and to analyse its relationship to serum concentration of selected hormones.

Methods And Results: Total number of 32 women with PCOS between them there were 22 thin and 10 obese subjects was examined in this study.

Association of obesity, diabetes, serum lipids and blood pressure regulates insulin action.

Insulin resistance is present in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as in obese patients without diabetes. The aim of our study was to compare insulin action in diabetic and control persons with or without obesity and to evaluate the influence of serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride and blood pressure on metabolic variables of insulin action. We examined 42 Type 2 diabetic patients and 41 control persons with body mass index (BMI) from 21.

Serum leptin levels in patients with primary hyperaldosteronism before and after treatment: relationships to insulin sensitivity.

Background: Leptin is a protein hormone produced predominantly by adipocytes that plays a role in food intake regulation and a series of other physiological processes including blood pressure regulation.

Objectives: The aim of our study was to compare serum leptin levels in patients with primary hyperaldosteronism (PA) with those of healthy subjects and to explore the relationship of serum leptin levels and the parameters of insulin action in these patients before and after surgical or pharmacological treatment.

Methods: Serum potassium, leptin, aldosterone, insulin levels and plasma renin activity were measured and hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp was performed in 11 patients with PA and 11 healthy age-, gender- and body mass index (BMI)-matched subjects.

Can primary hyperaldosteronism be considered as a specific form of diabetes mellitus?

Aldosterone-producing adenoma (aldosteronoma)--the most frequent form of primary hyperaldosteronism (PH)--is considered a specific form of diabetes mellitus (DM). In a previous study we demonstrated insulin resistance in patients with PH. We have therefore undertaken a study to evaluate the incidence of abnormalities of glucose metabolism in patients with PH (36 subjects) compared to control subjects with essential hypertension (EH) (21 patients).

Insulin sensitivity in non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome during treatment with oral contraceptives containing low-androgenic progestin.

Background: Combined oral contraceptives (COC) effectively suppress hyperandrogenism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), though deterioration of insulin sensitivity during treatment is assumed. The study aim was to investigate insulin action and androgen production during treatment with COC containing low-androgenic progestin.

Methods: A total of 13 PCOS women and nine controls was enrolled into the study.

[Can hormonal contraceptives affect plasma levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 in slim women with polycystic ovary syndrome?].

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) represents a frequent endocrinopathy among fertile women. Ethiopathogenesis of the syndrome is multifactorial and it is a subject of scientific discussions. Considered is the possibility of intraovarial IGF system disorder affecting maturation of ovarial folicles.

[Effect of insulin in hypertension with high and low levels of renin].

Background: Setback in insulin resistance has been described in patients with essential hypertension. The aim of our study was to verify at the receptor and postreceptor levels the presence of insulin resistance in patients with high or low renin activity.

Methods And Results: Six patients with the renal artery stenosis (20 to 65 years, average age was 51 +/- 12 years, BMI: 27 +/- 2.

Does obesity diminish the positive effect of oral contraceptive treatment on hyperandrogenism in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome?

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an obvious indication for long-term treatment. Combined oral contraceptives (COC) remain the first choice for the treatment of hyperandrogenism in most patients. However, differences in endocrine and metabolic parameters between obese and lean patients have been postulated.

Impaired insulin action in primary hyperaldosteronism.

The presence of insulin resistance is frequently found in essential hypertension. There are, however, only sparse data with respect to the potential presence of insulin resistance in patients with secondary hypertension. We have therefore undertaken a study to reveal the potential occurrence of insulin resistance in primary hyperaldosteronism (PH).

[The effect of body weight on insulin activity].

Insulin resistance is found patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 as well as in obese subject without diabetes. The objective of our investigation was to compare the action of insulin in morbidly obese subject with and without diabetes and in diabetic subject with different degrees of obesity. A total of 36 diabetic were examined, divided according to the BMI into morbidly obese (DMTO: BMI > 40 kg/m-2.

[Diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic islet cell tumors producing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIPoma)].

The incidence of VIPoma is approximately one per 10 million population. Thus in the Czech Republic this rare disease should be diagnosed once per year. The authors present their experience with the diagnosis and treatment of patient born in 1956, who suffered since 1990 from diarrhoea, at first episodically.

Insulin action in primary hyperaldosteronism before and after surgical or pharmacological treatment.

The relationship between arterial hypertension and insulin resistance has long been established. We used primary hyperaldosteronism as a model of the relationship between secondary hypertension and insulin sensitivity. Our group consisted of 9 patients with arterial hypertension caused by primary hyperaldosteronism.

Insulin action and fibrinolysis influenced by vitamin E in obese Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Increased oxidative stress, hypofibrinolysis and insulin resistance are present in obese Type 2 diabetic patients. It is supposed that treatment with antioxidant alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) could not only decrease free radical production, but also ameliorate insulin action. We evaluated the effect of 3 months administration of vitamin E (600 mg daily) on insulin action examined by hyperinsulinemic clamp in 11 obese Type 2 diabetic patients.

[Insulin and insulin therapy].

The author summarizes basic findings on the formation of insulin, its secretion and bond to insulin receptors and other phenomena at the post-receptor level. He summarizes basic indications for insulin treatment also beyond the sphere of diabetology. In a separate part the author summarizes briefly the history since the discovery of insulin up to the present time with modern therapeutic procedures (insulin injections, insulin pumps).

[Personal experience with the treatment of organic hyperinsulinism].

In 1981-1997 at the Third Medical Clinic 52 patients with confirmed organic hyperinsulinism were treated. Forty-three were operated and the remaining nine were treated conservatively. An insulinoma was removed surgically in 35 patients, in one female microadenomatosis was detected.

[The effect of insulin in primary hyperaldosteronism].

Background: Deteriorated insulin resistance was described in patients with essential hypertension. The objective of the present study was to test at the receptor and postreceptor level the presence of insulin resistance in hypertension with primary hyperaldosteronism.

Methods And Results: The diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism was assessed by means of biochemical and imaging methods in 123 hypertensive patients with a normal glucose tolerance (mean age 49.

[The effect of a short-term reducing diet on the effect of insulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Background: Insulin resistance is in addition to impaired beta-cell function decisive for the development of type 2 diabetes. It is also known that obesity creates conditions for the development of insulin resistance. The authors tried therefore to influence insulin sensitivity by short-term reducing diets in obese type 2 diabetics.

The effect of fasting and vitamin E on insulin action in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The influence of either short-term fasting or vitamin E administration on insulin action was studied in two groups of obese Type 2 diabetic patients. Twelve patients underwent 7 days of fasting (group A), whereas 600 mg of vitamin E was administered daily during 3 months in 9 diabetic patients (group B). Insulin action was examined by using hyperinsulinemic isoglycemic clamps (insulin infusion rate, 1.

Comparison of insulin sensitivity in patients with insulinoma and obese Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Insulin sensitivity was evaluated in 16 insulinoma patients and in 15 obese persons with Type 2 diabetes mellitus by using hyperinsulinaemic clamps and analysis of insulin receptor characteristics on erythrocytes. Significantly decreased insulin sensitivity index (M/l) was found in both insulinoma and obese Type 2 diabetic patients as compared with healthy non-obese controls (21.2 +/- 2.

[Early diagnosis of impaired glomerular and renal tubule function in patients with acromegaly].

Background: Albuminuria (A), increased urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and increased activity of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) in urine are early markers of glomerular and tubular changes in various pathological conditions at a time when renal functions do not yet display impaired function and when the changes are still reversible. The objective of the presented study was to assess to what extent these early changes may play a part in acromegaly.

Methods And Results: In a group of 24 acromegalic patients and in 18 healthy controls the authors examined the microalbuminuria (RIA Immunotech Prague), urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans (spectrophotometrically by the carbazole method) and they assessed the NAG activity in urine (spectrophotometrically).