Ultraprocessed food intake and body mass index change among youths: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Suboptimal diets may promote undesired weight gain in youths, with high ultraprocessed food (UPF) intake becoming a significant concern in the United States.

Objectives: We evaluated the association between UPF intake and body mass index [BMI (in kg/m)] change in large United States youth cohorts.

Methods: Participants included children and adolescents (7-17 y) from the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS1 and GUTS2) who completed baseline and ≥1 follow-up diet and anthropometrics assessment (GUTS1 1996-2001: N = 15,797; GUTS2 2004-2011: N = 9720).

Ultraprocessed food consumption and risk of gallstone disease: analysis of 3 prospective cohorts.

Background: Majority of dietary intake in United States adults comes from ultraprocessed foods (UPFs), which have been linked to several adverse health outcomes. Gallstone disease is highly prevalent and constitutes a significant burden to the United States health system but remains understudied.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between UPF consumption and incident gallstone disease risk.

Disability prevention, detection and assistance in primary health care services in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

The objective of this study was to assess the performance of primary health care (PHC) services for disability prevention, detection and assistance in the state of São Paulo. The study included 2739 health services, from 514 municipalities. 128 organizational quality indicators of the QualiAB instrument referring to the evaluative dimension "Attention to disability in primary health care services".

Ultraprocessed foods, unprocessed or minimally processed foods, and risk of frailty in a cohort of United States females.

Background: Ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) and poor diet quality have been associated with frailty but existing studies had relatively short follow-up time. It is also unclear whether the association of UPF was primarily due to its correlation with poorer diet quality.

Objectives: We examined the association between unprocessed or minimally processed foods (UMFs) and UPF and risk of frailty and explored whether the association with UPF was mainly driven by poor diet quality.

Association of ultra-processed food consumption with all cause and cause specific mortality: population based cohort study.

Objective: To examine the association of ultra-processed food consumption with all cause mortality and cause specific mortality.

Design: Population based cohort study.

Setting: Female registered nurses from 11 US states in the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2018) and male health professionals from all 50 US states in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2018).

Ultra-processed food consumption and mortality among patients with stages I-III colorectal cancer: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are emerging as a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), yet how post-diagnostic UPF intake may impact CRC prognosis remains unexplored.

Methods: Data collected from food frequency questionnaires were used to estimate intakes of total UPFs and UPF subgroups (serving/d) at least 6 months but less than 4 years post-diagnosis among 2498 patients diagnosed with stages I-III CRC within the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study during 1980-2016. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of all-cause, CRC- and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-specific mortality in association with UPF consumption were estimated using an inverse probability weighted multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model, adjusted for confounders.

Ultra-processed foods consumption among a USA representative sample of middle-older adults: a cross-sectional analysis.

The study evaluated the association between ultra-processed foods (UPF) and nutrient intake and identified the socio-demographic characteristics associated with UPF consumption among a nationally representative sample of middle-older adults. Dietary assessment was collected in 2013 using a validated FFQ. The Nova system was used to classify food and drinks into UPF.

Efficacy of an Educational Intervention for Sodium Restriction in Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

There is sound evidence showing the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions in lowering blood pressure (BP); however, adherence is usually poor. Interventions to induce behavioral changes aim to improve the ability to read labels, choose foods, and eat low-sodium meals, reinforcing adherence to sodium restriction. In this randomized parallel-controlled trial, we assessed the effectiveness of an educational intervention using the Dietary Sodium Restriction Questionnaire (DSRQ) scores.

Intakes of Unprocessed and Minimally Processed and Ultraprocessed Food Are Associated with Diet Quality in Female and Male Health Professionals in the United States: A Prospective Analysis.

Background: High unprocessed and minimally processed food (UMP) intake has been associated with high-quality diets, whereas the opposite has been shown for ultraprocessed food (UPF). Nevertheless, the association between UMP and UPF consumption and diet quality over the long-term warrants further examination.

Objective: This study aimed to assess whether UMP and UPF intake are associated with three diet-quality metrics in female and male health professionals from two US cohorts over 3 decades of follow-up.

Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Three Large Prospective U.S. Cohort Studies.

Objective: We examined the relationship between ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk among 3 large U.S. cohorts, conducted a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies, and assessed meta-evidence quality.

Ultra-processed food consumption and risk of colorectal cancer precursors: results from 3 prospective cohorts.

Background: Growing evidence indicates the adverse effect of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption. However, it remains unknown whether UPF consumption influences the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) precursors, namely conventional adenomas and serrated lesions.

Methods: We drew data from the Nurses' Health Study, Nurses' Health Study II, and Health Professionals Follow-up Study, comprising 142 052 participants who had undergone at least 1 lower gastrointestinal endoscopy during follow-up.

Maternal consumption of ultra-processed foods and subsequent risk of offspring overweight or obesity: results from three prospective cohort studies.

Objective: To assess whether maternal ultra-processed food intake during peripregnancy and during the child rearing period is associated with offspring risk of overweight or obesity during childhood and adolescence.

Design: Population based prospective cohort study.

Setting: The Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII) and the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS I and II) in the United States.

Association of ultra-processed food consumption with colorectal cancer risk among men and women: results from three prospective US cohort studies.

Objective: To examine the association between consumption of ultra-processed foods and risk of colorectal cancer among men and women from three large prospective cohorts.

Design: Prospective cohort study with dietary intake assessed every four years using food frequency questionnaires.

Setting: Three large US cohorts.

The Determinants of Complementary Feeding Introduction Vary According to the Type of Food and Infants' Ages: A Cohort Study-ClaB, Brazil.

Introduction: Food inadequacies in the first 6 months of life are considered a global problem, with an emphasis on early complementary feeding introduction (CFI). This study aimed to identify the determinants of CFI.

Methods: A birth cohort study (N = 641).

Development, Validation, and Reproducibility of Food Group-Based Frequency Questionnaires for Clinical Use in Brazil: A Pre-Hypertension and Hypertension Diet Assessment.

The Blood pressure control diet is well described; however, it has not been implemented in clinical care, possibly due to the impracticability of the diet assessment in these contexts. In order to facilitate the dietary assessment, we developed and assessed the validity and reproducibility of two food group-based food frequency questionnaires (FG-FFQs), with a one-week (7-day FG-FFQ) and a one-month (30-day FG-FFQ) period of coverage for patients with pre-hypertension or hypertension. In 2010, 155 men and women, 30-70 years old, were invited to participate in a prospective study in two outpatient clinics in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil.

Ultra-processed Foods and Risk of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background & Aims: The rising incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in regions undergoing Westernization has coincided with the increase in ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption over the past few decades. We aimed to examine the association between consumption of UPFs and the risk of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study of 3 nationwide cohorts of health professionals in the United States-the Nurses' Health Study (1986-2014), the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2017), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2012).

Diet Data Collected Using 48-h Dietary Recall: Within-and Between-Person Variation.

Forty-eight-hour dietary recall is a valuable source of information regarding food consumption in a population-based sample. This method covers 2 consecutive days in a single interview. Nevertheless, the number of assessments and the sample size necessary to estimate usual intake are unknown.

Handling random errors and biases in methods used for short-term dietary assessment.

Epidemiological studies have shown the effect of diet on the incidence of chronic diseases; however, proper planning, designing, and statistical modeling are necessary to obtain precise and accurate food consumption data. Evaluation methods used for short-term assessment of food consumption of a population, such as tracking of food intake over 24h or food diaries, can be affected by random errors or biases inherent to the method. Statistical modeling is used to handle random errors, whereas proper designing and sampling are essential for controlling biases.

Assessment of primary health care received by the elderly and health related quality of life: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Population aging leads to increased burden of chronic diseases and demand in public health. This study aimed to assess whether the score of Primary Health Care (PHC) is associated with a) the model of care - Family Health Strategy (FHS) vs. traditional care model (the Basic Health Units; BHU); b) morbid conditions such as - hypertension, diabetes mellitus, mental disorders, chronic pain, obesity and central obesity; c) quality of life in elderly individuals who received care in those units.

Development of a food frequency questionnaire in a probabilistic sample of adults from Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

With the purpose of generating a list of foods for a food-frequency questionnaire, data from 24h dietary recalls on a typical day from a probabilistic sample of 1,724 adults of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were analyzed. The frequency of food intake, the total intake of energy and macronutrients and the relative contribution of each food item to total energy and macronutrient intake were calculated. The most frequently reported food items (> 50% of adults) were rice, coffee, beans, refined canesugar, and bread.

Seasonal effect on nutrient intake in adults living in Southern Brazil.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of seasonality on nutrient intake in healthy adults from the southernmost metropolitan area of Brazil. The dietary intake (24-hour dietary recall on six different days) in a sample of 162 adults (114 women), aged 20 to 69, was obtained during the year 2007. The nutrient intake was averaged for each season and adjusted for energy intake using the residual method.