Self-Supervised 3-D Semantic Representation Learning for Vision-and-Language Navigation.

In vision-and-language navigation (VLN) tasks, most current methods primarily utilize RGB images, overlooking the rich 3-D semantic data inherent to environments. To rectify this, we introduce a novel VLN framework that integrates 3-D semantic information into the navigation process. Our approach features a self-supervised training scheme that incorporates voxel-level 3-D semantic reconstruction to create a detailed 3-D semantic representation.

Knowledge-Based Embodied Question Answering.

In this paper, we propose a novel Knowledge-based Embodied Question Answering (K-EQA) task, in which the agent intelligently explores the environment to answer various questions with the knowledge. Different from explicitly specifying the target object in the question as existing EQA work, the agent can resort to external knowledge to understand more complicated question such as "Please tell me what are objects used to cut food in the room?", in which the agent must know the knowledge such as "knife is used for cutting food". To address this K-EQA problem, a novel framework based on neural program synthesis reasoning is proposed, where the joint reasoning of the external knowledge and 3D scene graph is performed to realize navigation and question answering.

Differentiation of benign and malignant superficial soft tissue lesions using real-time strain elastography.

Background/aim: To evaluate benign and malignant cutaneous-subcutaneous lesions using real-time strain elastography (RTSE) and to compare the findings with histopathologic results.

Materials And Methods: Over a period of 10 months, 72 patients (38 with benign and 34 with malignant cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions) were prospectively included in this study. Elasticity patterns and strain ratios were examined for each lesion.

Evaluation of Optic Nerve with Strain and Shear Wave Elastography in Patients with Behçet's Disease and Healthy Subjects.

The objective of this study was to investigate the elasticity characteristics of the optic nerve using strain and shear wave elastography in patients with Behçet's disease and to compare the results with those of healthy volunteers. Forty-six optic nerves from patients with Behçet's disease and 54 optic nerves from healthy volunteers were investigated prospectively in this study using strain and shear wave elastography. There was a statistically significant difference in terms of elasticity patterns between patients and healthy volunteers (p < 0.

Intracranial Lesions in Children and Adolescents with Morbid Obesity.

Background: Intracranial lesions may affect the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis and lead to some neuro-endocrinological dysfunctions (hyperphagia, sleep disorders and hormonal dysfunctions). There is a very limited number of studies about childhood obesity and intracranial lesions.

Aims: To evaluate the incidence of intracranial lesions and its role in clinical symptoms and aetiology in cases with morbid obesity who have been admitted to the paediatric endocrinology department with this complaint.

Evaluation of thiol-disulphide homeostasis in radiation workers.

Purpose: To evaluate thiol-disulphide homeostasis - a novel, easily calculated, readily available, and relatively cheap oxidative stress marker - in radiation workers and compare the results with healthy controls.

Materials And Methods: A total of 108 participants were enrolled in the study including 63 hospital workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation in the units of interventional radiology, interventional cardiology and nuclear medicine. A control group consisted of 45 individuals staff in the same hospital.

Evaluation of the optic nerve using strain and shear wave elastography in patients with multiple sclerosis and healthy subjects.

Aims: Our aim was to evaluate the elasticity features of the optic nerve using strain (SE) and shear wave elastography (SWE) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in comparison with healthy subjects.

Material And Methods: One hundred and seven optic nerves from 54 MS patients and 118 optic nerves from 59 healthy subjects were examined prospectively by SE and SWE. Optic nerves were divided into three types in accordance to the elasticity designs, as follows: type 1 predominantly blue (hardest tissue); type 2 predominantly blue/green (hard tissue); and type 3 predominantly green (intermediate tissue).

Does steep Trendelenburg positioning effect the ocular hemodynamics and intraocular pressure in patients undergoing robotic cystectomy and robotic prostatectomy?

Purpose: To examine the effect of steep Trendelenburg position (ST) on intraocular pressure (IOP), resistive index of the central retinal artery, and venous impedance index of the central retinal vein during robotic prostatectomy and cystectomy.

Methods: A total of fifty-three male patients were included into the study (prostatectomy: 43, cystectomy: 10). During robotic surgery, the effect of the ST on IOP, resistive index of the central retinal artery (CRA-RI), and venous impedance index of the central retinal vein (CRV-VI) was prospectively examined.

Real-time sonoelastography of the patellar and quadriceps tendons: pattern description in professional athletes and healthy volunteers.

Aims: The comparison of elastographic features of quadriceps and patellar tendons in a group of professional athletes and healthy volunteers and the description of elasticity characteristics of these tendons.

Material And Methods: Thirty-nine professional athletes (22 male, 17 female; mean age 18.5 years) and 35 healthy volunteers (21 male, 14 female; mean age 19 years) were included.

Diagnostic value of strain elastography for differentiation between renal cell carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma of kidney.

Purpose: The objective of our study was to prospectively evaluate the diagnostic performance of strain elastography for differentiation between renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) and transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) of kidney.

Methods: A total of 99 consecutive patients who were referred to our hospital because of a newly diagnosed solid renal mass suspicious for malignancy on radiological screenings were evaluated with sonography, including strain elastography. Strain elastography was used to compare the stiffness of the renal masses and renal cortex.

The use of real-time elastography in the assessment of gallbladder polyps: preliminary observations.

Aims: Gallbladder polyps often have a benign nature. Current guidelines suggest surgical removal of polyps greater than 10 mm. However, the accuracy of the size criteria is limited because neoplasia can be found in gallbladder polyps less than 10 mm.

Scrotal calculi in clinical practice and their role in scrotal pain: A prospective study.

Purpose: Scrotal calculi are rare, and their clinical significance is uncertain. Scrotal pain is a frequent, hard-to-manage problem in urology clinics. Our purpose in this study was to determine the relationship between the presence of scrotal calculi and scrotal pain in a prospective manner.

Abnormal sonographic appearances of the yolk sac: which can be associated with adverse perinatal outcome?

Aims: The present study aimed to determine whether yolk sacs with abnormal sonographic appearance are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes in both early and late gestation.

Material And Methods: A total of 305 viable singleton pregnancies with gestational age of 6 to 9 weeks were prospectively evaluated with respect to perinatal outcomes and sonographic characteristics of the yolk sacs.

Results: An abnormal yolk sac was found in 66 pregnancies.

The use of bronchial arteries in the characterization of primary lung cancer: an MDCT study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to discuss the use of ipsilateral bronchial artery dilatation when a solitary lung mass is detected on multidetector computed tomography (MDCT).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 55 patients with solitary lung mass. An MDCT scanner was used for the study.

Efficacy of ultrasonography in lymphatic malformations: diagnosis, treatment and follow-up: a case report.

Lymphatic malformation (LM) is a localized and rare benign anomaly of the lymphatic system. Surgery is the primary form of treatment, but total resection is difficult and generally not possible. The least invasive and most effective form of treatment is injection sclerotherapy with sclerosing agents.

Real-time elastography for distinguishing angiomyolipoma from renal cell carcinoma: preliminary observations.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of sonoelastography for differentiating angiomyolipomas from renal cell carcinomas.

Subjects And Methods: Twenty-eight angiomyolipomas and 19 renal cell carcinomas were prospectively examined with real-time elastography. Lesions were classified according to four elastographic patterns on the basis of the distribution of the blue area (representing no strain and hardest tissue component).

Frequency of a persistent yolk sac and its relationship with the gestational outcome.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the frequency of a persistent yolk sac in pregnancies at 12 to 13 weeks and to investigate whether a persistent yolk sac is associated with an adverse gestational outcome.

Methods: This study reviewed a total of 282 women who had normal singleton pregnancies with a gestational age of 12 weeks to 13 weeks 6 days and who were consecutively admitted to the study center for first-trimester screening (for chromosomal abnormalities) between April 2010 and February 2011. A persistent yolk sac has been defined as a yolk sac that has achieved a diameter of 5.

Detailed ultrasound screening in the second trimester: pictorial essay of normal fetal anatomy.

Today, ultrasound is the main diagnostic tool in the prenatal detection of congenital abnormalities. Therefore, ultrasound examination should be offered to all pregnant women. A detailed sonographic examination of the fetus is usually performed between 18 and 22 weeks of pregnancy.

Decreased echogenicity of the embryo is correlated with absence of cardiac activity.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the sonographic echogenicity of embryos is associated with cardiac activity in utero.

Methods: The present study reviewed a total of 164 embryos having a gestational age between 6 and 8 weeks. These embryos were examined by transvaginal ultrasonography and a comparison of their echogenicity was made with respect to those of the placenta and the myometrium.

Sonographic evaluation of the yolk sac.

This pictorial essay aims to inform related clinicians by summarizing the normal and abnormal sonographic findings of the yolk sac in the first trimester of pregnancy. An abnormality in the sonographic appearance of a yolk sac can predict subsequent embryonic death or abnormalities. Therefore, the accurate recognition of normal and abnormal sonographic findings concerning the yolk sac can be used to anticipate the course of pregnancy.

Real-time sonoelastography of the Achilles tendon: pattern description in healthy subjects and patients with surgically repaired complete ruptures.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to describe the elastographic appearance of the Achilles tendon in healthy subjects and patients with surgically repaired complete ruptures.

Materials And Methods: Nineteen Achilles tendons of 16 amateur footballers with surgically repaired complete ruptures and their contralateral asymptomatic Achilles tendons were assessed with ultrasound and real-time sonoelastography. Additionally, 40 asymptomatic Achilles tendons of 20 healthy amateur footballers were assessed.

Prevalence of scrotal calculi and their relationship with pain.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of scrotal calculi in men referred for scrotal ultrasonography (US), to identify any associated pathologies, and to investigate if any relationship exists between scrotal lithiasis and pain.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective study in which 4084 scrotal US examinations in 3435 men were evaluated. Scrotal US was performed using a high-frequency linear transducer.