Absence of Heme Oxygenase-1 Affects Trophoblastic Spheroid Implantation and Provokes Dysregulation of Stress and Angiogenesis Gene Expression in the Uterus.

The enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is pivotal in reproductive processes, particularly in placental and vascular development. This study investigated the role of HO-1 and its byproduct, carbon monoxide (CO), in trophoblastic spheroid implantation. In order to deepen our understanding of the role of HO-1 during implantation, we conducted in vivo experiments on virgin and pregnant mice, aiming to unravel the cellular and molecular mechanisms.

Biomechanical evaluation of conventional anulus fibrosus closure methods required for nucleus replacement. Laboratory investigation.

Object: Nucleus replacement implants became increasingly attractive as an alternative to fusion, discectomy, or total disc replacement. The goals of nucleus replacement are to restore disc height and flexibility and to preserve the anatomy. However, implant extrusions have been reported and are the major concern.