A systematic literature review of logistics services outsourcing.

Logistics is critical in every company's supply chain (SC), and outsourcing helps businesses concentrate on their core competencies. Third-party logistics (3 PL) or logistics service providers (LSPs) assist businesses in cutting costs while improving performance, sustainability, and revenue. Logistics evaluation and LSPs choice are complicated and critical components of value delivery.

Green Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network Design During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: a Case Study in the Iranian Automotive Industry.

This paper presents a new mathematical model of the green closed-loop supply chain network (GCLSCN) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The suggested model can explain the trade-offs between environmental (minimizing CO emissions) and economic (minimizing total costs) aspects during the COVID-19 outbreak. Considering the guidelines for hygiene during the outbreak helps us design a new sustainable hygiene supply chain (SC).