Glutathione-S-Transferase Theta 2 (GSTT2) Modulates the Response to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Immunotherapy in Bladder Cancer Patients.

Glutathione-S-transferases (GST) enzymes detoxify xenobiotics and are implicated in response to anticancer therapy. This study evaluated the association of GST theta 1 (GSTT1), GSTT2, and GSTT2B with Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) response in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer treatment. In vitro assessments of GSTT2 knockout (KO) effects were performed using cell lines and dendritic cells (DCs) from GSTT2KO mice.

Intravesical High Dose BCG Tokyo and Low Dose BCG Tokyo with Induce Systemic Immunity in a Murine Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model.

This study evaluates a short therapy schedule for bladder cancer using BCG Tokyo. BCG Tokyo was evaluated in vitro using bone marrow derived dendritic cells, neutrophils, RAW macrophages and the murine bladder cancer cell line, MB49PSA, and compared to other BCG strains. BCG Tokyo > BCG TICE at inducing cytokine production.

Tryptophan-kynurenine ratio as a biomarker of bladder cancer.

Objectives: To investigate plasma and urinary kynurenine (KYN)-tryptophan (TRP) ratios in bladder cancer, expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in relation to tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) in bladder tumour, and the correlation of KYN-TRP ratio with bladder tumour burden.

Methods: Metabotyping of the TRP-KYN metabolic axis was performed via a clinical case-control study. Expression of IDO1 and TDO2 was measured in human biopsied tissues.

and gene therapy improves the response to BCG immunotherapy in a murine model of bladder cancer.

To develop a strategy to improve response to bacillus Calmette-Gueri (BCG) using cytokine gene therapy ( + ). MB49-PSA tumor-bearing C57BL/6N mice were assigned into four groups: control; + therapy; BCG therapy or combined therapy ( + and BCG). In schedule 1, cytokine gene therapy was delivered before BCG therapy (eight instillations).

A Murine Orthotopic Bladder Tumor Model and Tumor Detection System.

This protocol describes the generation of bladder tumors in female C57BL/6J mice using the murine bladder cancer cell line MB49, which has been modified to secrete human Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), and the procedure for the confirmation of tumor implantation. In brief, mice are anesthetized using injectable drugs and are made to lay in the dorsal position. Urine is vacated from the bladder and 50 µL of poly-L-lysine (PLL) is slowly instilled at a rate of 10 µL/20 s using a 24 G IV catheter.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Activation of Dendritic Cells and Neutrophils Depends on the Dose and Time of Exposure.

This study evaluates the ability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) to activate DC and neutrophils and modulate T cell activation and the impact of bacterial dose on these responses. Murine bone marrow derived DC or neutrophils were stimulated with LGG at ratios of 5 : 1, 10 : 1, and 100 : 1 (LGG : cells) and DC maturation (CD40, CD80, CD86, CD83, and MHC class II) and cytokine production (IL-10, TNF-α, and IL-12p70) were examined after 2 h and 18 h coculture and compared to the ability of BCG (the present immunotherapeutic agent for bladder cancer) to stimulate these cells. A 2 h exposure to 100 : 1 (high dose) or an 18 h exposure to 5 : 1 or 10 : 1 (low dose), LGG : cells, induced the highest production of IL-12 and upregulation of CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC II on DC.

Tumor and microenvironment modification during progression of murine orthotopic bladder cancer.

The aim of this study was to monitor changes in the expression of immune-related genes in the bladder after tumor implantation. Mice were orthotopically implanted with MB49-PSA cells (C57BL/6 mice) on day 1 and terminated on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Another mouse model (MBT-2/C3H mice) was examined at day 7.