Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 is broadly expressed in the different pluripotent states of human pluripotent stem cells and regulates the expression of pluripotency genes and three germ layer markers.

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have at least three distinct states: naïve pluripotency that represents the cellular states of the pre-implantation epiblast cells, primed pluripotency that represents the cellular states of the post-implantation epiblast cells, and formative pluripotency that represents a developmental continuum between naïve and primed pluripotency. Various cell surface markers have been used to define and analyze primed and naïve hPSCs within heterogeneous populations. However, not much is known about common cell surface markers for the different pluripotent states of hPSCs.

Direct Evidence of Excessive Charge-Carrier-Induced Degradation in InP Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes.

The limited operational lifetime of quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) poses a critical obstacle that must be addressed before their practical application. Specifically, cadmium-free InP-based QLEDs, which are environmentally benign, experience significant operational degradation due to challenges in charge-carrier confinement stemming from the composition of InP quantum dots (QDs). This study investigates the operational degradation of InP QLEDs and provides direct evidence of the degradation process.

Glucocorticoid-Dependent Retinal Degeneration and Vision Impairment in Mice Susceptible to Prenatal Stress-Induced Behavioral Abnormalities.

Chronic exposure to prenatal stress can impair neurogenesis and lead to irreversible cognitive and neuropsychiatric abnormalities in offspring. The retina is part of the nervous system; however, the impacts of prenatal stress on retinal neurogenesis and visual function remain unclear. This study examined how elevated prenatal glucocorticoid levels differentially affect retinal development in the offspring of pregnant mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS).

Clinically-Driven Rapidly Developed Nanoparticle Corona for Label-Free Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage Detection.

Rapid diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks is critical as endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery gains global prominence. Current clinical methods such as endoscopic examination with and without intrathecal injection of fluorescent dye are invasive and rely on subjective judgment by physicians, highlighting the clinical need for label-free point-of-care (POC). However, a viable solution remains undeveloped due to the molecular complexity of CSF rhinorrhea mixed with nasal discharge and the scarcity of specific biomarkers, delaying sensor development.

Influence of prestroke glycemic status on outcomes by age in patients with acute ischemic stroke and diabetes mellitus.

Background: This study aimed to explore the association between admission HbA1c and the risk of 1-year vascular outcomes stratified by age group in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: This study analyzed prospective multicenter data from patients with AIS and DM. Admission HbA1C were categorized as:≤6.

Gender-specific Single Transcript Level Atlas of Vasopressin and its Receptor (AVPR1a) in the Mouse Brain.

Vasopressin (AVP), a nonapeptide synthesized predominantly by magnocellular hypothalamic neurons, is conveyed to the posterior pituitary the pituitary stalk, where AVP is secreted into the circulation. Known to regulate blood pressure and water homeostasis, it also modulates diverse social behaviors, such as pair-bonding, social recognition and cognition in mammals including humans. Importantly, AVP modulates social behaviors in a gender-specific manner, perhaps, due to gender differences in the distribution in the brain of AVP and its main receptor AVPR1a.

Gas-Liquid-Solid Three-Phase Boundary in Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy.

The gas-liquid-solid interface plays a crucial role in various electrochemical energy conversion devices, including fuel cells and electrolyzers. Understanding the effect of gas transfer on the electrochemistry at this three-phase interface is a grand challenge. Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) is an emerging technique for mapping the heterogeneity in electrochemical activity; it also inherently features a three-phase boundary at the nanodroplet cell.

Targeted dual-receptor phage cocktail against : insights into phage-host interactions and resistance mechanisms.

Introduction: is a notorious foodborne pathogen, frequently contaminating powdered infant formula and causing life-threatening diseases in infants. The escalating emergence of antibiotics-resistant mutants has led to increased interest in using bacteriophage as an alternative antimicrobial agent.

Methods: Two phages, CR8 and S13, were isolated from feces and soil samples and their morphology, physiology, and genomics were characterized.

and Acupoint Selection Patterns: Data Mining and Network Analysis.

Background: Combinations of and points are widely used to treat internal organ issues in both clinical practice and scientific research. We investigated the selection patterns of and points used in clinical trials. We also conducted a network analysis to identify the most common combinations of these acupoints.

Multimorbidity in patients with atrial fibrillation and community controls: A population-based study.

Background: Multimorbidity is common in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), yet comorbidity patterns are not well documented.

Methods: The prevalence of 18 chronic conditions (6 cardiometabolic, 7 other somatic, 5 mental health) was obtained in patients with new-onset AF from 2013-2017 from a 27-county region and controls matched 1:1 on age, sex, and county of residence. For AF patients and controls separately, clustering of conditions and co-occurrence beyond chance was estimated (using the asymmetric Somers' D statistic), overall and for ages <65, 65-74, 75-84, and ≥85 years.

BH3 Mimetics Augment Cytotoxic T Cell Killing of Acute Myeloid Leukemia via Mitochondrial Apoptotic Mechanism.

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) can address an unmet clinical need for patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but its effect is often modest in the setting of high tumor burden. In this study, we postulated that strategies to lower the AML apoptotic threshold will augment T cell killing of AML cells. BH3 mimetics, such as venetoclax, are a clinically approved class of compounds that predispose cells to intrinsic apoptosis by inhibiting anti-apoptotic mitochondrial proteins.

Quality of life outcomes in terminal cancer patients attending regional cancer centers in South Korea: protocol for a prospective cohort study.

Introduction: Patients with cancer experience physical, mental, and social pain that affects themselves and their families. The increasing cancer incidence and advances in treatment have increased the number of cancer survivors in Korea, and there is an influx of patients in Seoul and other metropolitan areas, leading to shortages of continuous care and comprehensive life support facilities. Patients must travel long distances for treatment, which poses logistical and quality-of-life challenges.

Socioeconomic Inequities in Preemptive Kidney Transplantation and Graft Survival: An Innovative Approach to Identifying Disparities in Kidney Transplantation.

Background: The limitations of conventional measures of socioeconomic status (SES) limit our ability to elucidate the role of SES as a key element of social determinants of health in kidney transplantation. This study's objective was to use an innovative SES measure, the HOUsing-based SES measure (HOUSES) index, to examine the effects of social determinants of health on access to and outcomes of kidney transplantation.

Methods: Our study included residents of Minnesota (age older than 18 y) who underwent kidney transplantation at a single center between 2010 and 2020.

Identification of KCNE6, a new member of the KCNE family of potassium channel auxiliary subunits.

The KCNE family (KCNE1-5) is a group of single transmembrane auxiliary subunits for the voltage-gated K channel KCNQ1. The KCNQ1-KCNE complexes are crucial for numerous physiological processes including ventricular repolarization and K recycling in epithelial cells. We identified a new member of the KCNE family, "KCNE6", from zebrafish.

Clinical Outcomes and Prognosis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presenting with Obstruction.

Background: The prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) with obstruction is unclear. This study aimed to analyze clinical outcomes and prognosis of patients with ESCC and obstruction.

Methods: Patients with advanced ESCC were included and divided into obstructive and non-obstructive groups.

Elucidation of molecular function of phage protein responsible for optimization of host cell lysis.

Background: Bacteriophages (or phages) replicate by utilizing bacterial resources and destroy their host cells at the end of the replication cycle. Phages employ multiple proteins to optimize host cell lysis, thereby maximizing the production of phage particles. However, elucidating the entire lysis process is challenging due to the abundance of uncharacterized genes in the phage genome.

Clinical implications of cerebral venous outflow pattern in malignant middle cerebral artery infarction.

Background: Malignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction is one of the most devastating strokes. However, the role of the cerebral venous outflow pattern in malignant MCA infarction is not well established. We investigated the association between the transverse sinus (TS) shape and functional outcomes in patients with malignant MCA infarction.

Generating synthetic CT images from unpaired head and neck CBCT images and validating the importance of detailed nasal cavity acquisition through simulations.

Background And Objective: Computed tomography (CT) of the head and neck is crucial for diagnosing internal structures. The demand for substituting traditional CT with cone beam CT (CBCT) exists because of its cost-effectiveness and reduced radiation exposure. However, CBCT cannot accurately depict airway shapes owing to image noise.

Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms in Korean patients with ovarian or primary peritoneal cancer treated with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors.

Background: Prior prospective studies have demonstrated the efficacy of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) in various cancers with mutations in the breast cancer gene (), such as ovarian and breast cancers. However, PARPi have also been associated with an increased incidence of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MNs). This study aimed to investigate the incidence of t-MNs following PARPi therapy in patients with ovarian or primary peritoneal cancer in Korea and to identify related risk factors.

magnetic-field-assisted bioprinting process using magnetorheological bioink to obtain engineered muscle constructs.

Tissue-engineered anisotropic cell constructs are promising candidates for treating volumetric muscle loss (VML). However, achieving successful cell alignment within macroscale 3D cell constructs for skeletal muscle tissue regeneration remains challenging, owing to difficulties in controlling cell arrangement within a low-viscosity hydrogel. Herein, we propose the concept of a magnetorheological bioink to manipulate the cellular arrangement within a low-viscosity hydrogel.

Computational deconvolution of cell type-specific gene expression in COPD and IPF lungs reveals disease severity associations.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are debilitating diseases associated with divergent histopathological changes in the lungs. At present, due to cost and technical limitations, profiling cell types is not practical in large epidemiology cohorts (n > 1000). Here, we used computational deconvolution to identify cell types in COPD and IPF lungs whose abundances and cell type-specific gene expression are associated with disease diagnosis and severity.

Growth-based monolithic 3D integration of single-crystal 2D semiconductors.

The demand for the three-dimensional (3D) integration of electronic components is steadily increasing. Despite substantial processing challenges, the through-silicon-via (TSV) technique emerges as the only viable method for integrating single-crystalline device components in a 3D format. Although monolithic 3D (M3D) integration schemes show promise, the seamless connection of single-crystalline semiconductors without intervening wafers has yet to be demonstrated.

The microbial metabolite imidazole propionate dysregulates bone homeostasis by inhibiting AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling.

Microbial metabolites provide numerous benefits to the human body but can also contribute to diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, and bone disorders. However, the role of imidazole propionate (ImP), a histidine-derived metabolite produced by the intestinal microbiome, in bone metabolism and the development of osteoporosis is still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of ImP and its underlying mechanisms in regulating bone homeostasis.

First Report of Rust Caused by on L. in Korea.

Fig (Ficus carica L.) belonging to the Moraceae family is cultivated worldwide, with its primary production areas located in the Mediterranean region (Tous and Fergusen 1996). Yeongam-gun is a significant region for fig cultivation in Korea, accounting for 42% of the country's total fig cultivation area with approximately 1,400 fields (453ha, production yield 6000 tons).

ATR inhibition promotes synergistic antitumor effect in platinum-resistant pancreatic cancer.

Background: Oxaliplatin is a commonly used platinum-based chemotherapy drug for patients with pancreatic cancer (PC). Drug resistance is a major challenge in PC treatment, underscoring the urgent need for new approaches. Targeting DNA damage repair, one of the factors responsible for platinum resistance, is an attractive strategy to overcome drug resistance.