Risk of death in Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections is associated with specific phylogenetic lineages.

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex (KpSC) bloodstream infections (BSIs) are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, particularly in elderly and multimorbid patients. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains have been associated with poorer outcome. However, the clinical impact of KpSC phylogenetic lineages on BSI outcome is unclear.

Elevated plasma sTIM-3 levels in patients with severe COVID-19.

Background: The pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still incompletely understood, but it seems to involve immune activation and immune dysregulation.

Objective: We examined the parameters of activation of different leukocyte subsets in COVID-19-infected patients in relation to disease severity.

Methods: We analyzed plasma levels of myeloperoxidase (a marker of neutrophil activation), soluble (s) CD25 (sCD25) and soluble T-cell immunoglobulin mucin domain-3 (sTIM-3) (markers of T-cell activation and exhaustion), and sCD14 and sCD163 (markers of monocyte/macrophage activation) in 39 COVID-19-infected patients at hospital admission and 2 additional times during the first 10 days in relation to their need for intensive care unit (ICU) treatment.