Mentoring for Admission and Retention of Black Socio-Ethnic Minorities in Medicine: A Scoping Review.

Purpose: Despite numerous mentoring strategies to promote academic success and eligibility in medicine, Black students remain disproportionately underrepresented in medicine. Therefore, we conducted a scoping review to identify the mentoring practices available to Black pre-medical students, medical students and medical residents, specifically the mentoring strategies used, their application, and their evaluation.

Method: Between May 2023 and October 2023, the authors conducted a literature review.

Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type IV in the genetic era: A rare neonatal case report of rapid identification with a review of the literature.

Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type IV (CDAIV) is a rare inherited hematological disorder, presenting with severe anemia due to altered erythropoiesis and hemolysis, with variable needs for recurrent transfusions. We present a case of a transfusion-dependent male newborn who presented at birth with severe hemolytic anemia, and required an intrauterine transfusion. Genetic testing rapidly identified a Kruppel-like factor 1 (KLF1) pathogenic variant (c.

Reassessing the Need for Preoperative Transfusions in Sickle Cell Disease Patients With an Elevated Baseline Hemoglobin-A Retrospective Study.

Background: Current guidelines recommend a preoperative hemoglobin of 10.0 g/dL in patients with sickle cell disease [SCD], however, this threshold continues to be an area of controversy. Previous studies demonstrating the benefits of preoperative transfusions have largely not captured patients with elevated baseline hemoglobin, in part due to low hydroxyurea uptake and exclusion of nonhemoglobin SS SCD.

Health services use by children identified as heterozygous hemoglobinopathy mutation carriers via newborn screening.

Background: Newborn screening (NBS) for sickle cell disease incidentally identifies heterozygous carriers of hemoglobinopathy mutations. In Ontario, Canada, these carrier results are not routinely disclosed, presenting an opportunity to investigate the potential health implications of carrier status. We aimed to compare rates of health services use among children identified as carriers of hemoglobinopathy mutations and those who received negative NBS results.

Exploring the Needs of Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease to Inform a Digital Self-Management and Transitional Care Program: Qualitative Study.

Background: Accessible self-management interventions are critical for adolescents with sickle cell disease to better cope with their disease, improve health outcomes and health-related quality of life, and promote successful transition to adult health care services. However, very few comprehensive self-management and transitional care programs have been developed and tested in this population. Internet and mobile phone technologies can improve accessibility and acceptability of interventions to promote disease self-management in adolescents with sickle cell disease.

Pediatric Oncology Clinic Care Model: Achieving Better Continuity of Care for Patients in a Medium-sized Program.

Providing the best care in both the inpatient and outpatient settings to pediatric oncology patients is all programs goal. Using continuous improvement methodologies, we changed from a solely team-based physician care model to a hybrid model. All patients were assigned a dedicated oncologist.

Recombinant factor VIIa for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia.

Background: Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) is licensed for use in patients with haemophilia and inhibitory allo-antibodies and for prophylaxis and treatment of patients with congenital factor VII deficiency. It is also used for off-license indications to prevent bleeding in operations where blood loss is likely to be high, and/or to stop bleeding that is proving difficult to control by other means. This is the third version of the 2007 Cochrane review on the use of recombinant factor VIIa for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia, and has been updated to incorporate recent trial data.

Neonatal renal vein thrombosis.

Neonatal renal vein thrombosis (RVT) continues to pose significant challenges for pediatric hematologists and nephrologists. The precise mechanism for the onset and propagation of renal thrombosis within the neonatal population is unclear, but there is suggestion that acquired and/or inherited thrombophilia traits may increase the risk for renal thromboembolic disease during the newborn period. This review summarizes the most recent studies of neonatal RVT, examining its most common features, the prevalence of acquired and inherited prothrombotic risk factors among these patients, and evaluates their short and long term renal and thrombotic outcomes as they may relate to these risk factors.

Quality of life after acute myocardial infarction: a comparison of diabetic versus non-diabetic acute myocardial infarction patients in Quebec acute care hospitals.

Background: Previous studies have evaluated the individual effects of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and diabetes mellitus on health-related quality of life outcomes (QOL). Due to the rising incidence of these comorbid conditions, it is important to examine the synergistic impact of diabetes mellitus and AMI on QOL.

Methods: In this study, we assessed using several previously validated questionnaires the QOL and functional status of 96 diabetic patients and 491 non-diabetic patients admitted to Quebec hospital sites with AMI between 1997 and 1998.

Quality of life after acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review.

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important measure of a patient's recovery after an illness. It has been suggested that different treatments may affect the HRQoL of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Objective: To examine the effects of an AMI on HRQoL and identify common patterns in the HRQoL assessments of post-AMI patients.

Drug prescriptions after acute myocardial infarction: dosage, compliance, and persistence.

Background: Although it has been well documented that aspirin, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and lipid-lowering drugs are under-prescribed for patients with acute myocardial infarction (Am Heart J 2003;145:438-44.), few studies have examined dosage and long-term compliance and persistence patterns for the use of these drugs after AMI.

Methods: Using Quebec administrative data on all elderly (aged > or =65 years) survivors of hospital admissions for AMI between 1996 and 1998 (n = 14,057), we studied the discharge prescriptions, dosages, patient compliance, and persistence during this period for aspirin, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and lipid-lowering drugs.

Regional variation in the management of acute myocardial infarction in the province of Quebec.

Background: Previous studies have shown that there are differences in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) management in Canada and in the United States. However, there has been little research to evaluate regional variations in AMI treatment and outcomes for Canadian patients.

Objective: To determine whether regional variation in the management of AMI in Quebec has an impact on patient mortality and morbidity.