The effect of two models of supervision on selected outcomes.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of training in two different supervisory models on the supervision itself, the quality of care, and job satisfaction of nurses in different service settings in a district health service (DHS) in South Africa.

Design: As part of a larger health systems study, the results of supervision training were evaluated. The quantitative study was done in three health districts in South Africa.

Abomasal secretion in sheep receiving adult Ostertagia circumcincta that are prevented from contact with the mucosa.

Aims: Both adult and larval Ostertagia circumcincta infections raise abomasal pH and serum gastrin and pepsinogen concentrations, either because of physical effects of the worms or from their chemical secretions. The study was designed to examine whether adult worms require contact with the gastric mucosa to effect changes in gastric secretion.

Methods: Abomasal pH and serum gastrin and pepsinogen concentrations were measured in four groups of sheep: Group A (n = 4): abomasal contents containing about 18,000 adult O.

Synthesis of acylglycerols from omega-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid isomers.

n-3 PUFA (omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid) concentrate from mackerel oil enriched in EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) was used to esterify isomers of CLA (conjuated linoleic acid) to produce acylglycerols (glycerides). Catalysis was potentiated by immobilized lipases from the yeast Candida antarctica and the mould Mucor miehei. C.

Development of activity standard for 90 Y microspheres.

(90)Y microspheres are important therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals used in the treatment of liver cancer through a process known as selective internal radiation therapy. SIR-spheres is a radiopharmaceutical product that is comprised of (90)Y microspheres suspended in sterile, pyrogen-free water for injection into patients. It is necessary to establish for the SIR-spheres production the capability of accurately measuring the activity of this product to a traceable national measurement standard.

The impact of hearing protection on sound localization and orienting behavior.

The effect of hearing protection devices (HPDs) on sound localization was examined in the context of an auditory-cued visual search task. Participants were required to locate and identify a visual target in a field of 5, 20, or 50 visual distractors randomly distributed on the interior surface of a sphere. Four HPD conditions were examined: earplugs, earmuffs, both earplugs and earmuffs simultaneously (double hearing protection), and no hearing protection.

Expression of a cold-adapted fish trypsin in Pichia pastoris.

Trypsin is a highly valuable protease that has many industrial and biomedical applications. The growing demand for non-animal sources of the enzyme and for trypsins with special properties has driven the interest to clone and express this protease in microorganisms. Reports about expression of recombinant trypsins show wide differences in the degree of success and are contained mainly in patent applications, which disregard the difficulties associated with the developments.

Phylogenetic relationships within the tribe Malveae (Malvaceae, subfamily Malvoideae) as inferred from ITS sequence data.

Phylogenetic relationships among genera of tribe Malveae (Malvaceae, subfamily Malvoideae) were reconstructed using sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the 18S-26S nuclear ribosomal repeat. Newly generated sequences were combined with those available from previous generic level studies to assess the current circumscription of the tribe, monophyly of some of the larger genera, and character evolution within the tribe. The ITS data do not support monophyly of most generic alliances as presently defined, nor do the data support monophyly of several Malveae genera.

Undetected, uncontrolled blood pressure in type 2 diabetes: self-monitored blood pressure profiles.

Objectives: To construct a novel and clinically relevant means of representing self-monitored blood pressure (SMBP).

Methods: Patients treated to an office blood pressure (BP) < 130/80 mmHg measured their BP at home for 14 days using an Omron IC semi-automatic portable monitor with memory. SMBP data were transferred from the monitor to a computer to produce graphic profiles (SMBPp) that depict the hourly variation in BP throughout a "typical" or modal day.

The phylogenetic history and biogeography of the frankincense and myrrh family (Burseraceae) based on nuclear and chloroplast sequence data.

Generalized hypotheses for the vicariant, Gondwanan origin of pantropically distributed eudicotyledon families must be refined to accommodate recently revised dates that indicate major continental rifting events predate the evolution of many tricolpate angiosperm clades. Here, we use molecular phylogenies of an eudicotyledon family previously hypothesized to have a Gondwanan origin, the Burseraceae, to test this and other alternative biogeographical hypotheses in light of recalibrated geological events. Phylogenies based on nuclear and chloroplast data were reconstructed for 13 of the 18 genera (50 spp.

Across-ear interference from parametrically degraded synthetic speech signals in a dichotic cocktail-party listening task.

Recent results have shown that listeners attending to the quieter of two speech signals in one ear (the target ear) are highly susceptible to interference from normal or time-reversed speech signals presented in the unattended ear. However, speech-shaped noise signals have little impact on the segregation of speech in the opposite ear. This suggests that there is a fundamental difference between the across-ear interference effects of speech and nonspeech signals.

Behavior problems antecede the development of wheeze in childhood: a birth cohort study.

Rationale: It is not clear to what extent behavior problems observed in children with asthma antecede asthma development, or are a consequence of the disease.

Objectives: We investigated psychologic factors at age 3 years and subsequent development of wheeze by age 5 in an unselected birth cohort study. Children were recruited prenatally, followed prospectively, and reviewed at age 3 and 5 years.

Organizational factors influencing nurse practitioners' role implementation in acute care settings.

The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of organizational factors on the Acute Care Nurse Practitioner (ACNP) role implementation. A descriptive correlational design, incorporating quantitative and qualitative methods for data collection was used. The sample of convenience consisted of 57 ACNPs assigned to various medical and surgical programs within acute care hospitals.

Practice patterns of acute care nurse practitioners.

This study was undertaken to examine the practice pattern of nurse practitioners employed in Ontario acute care settings. A descriptive design, incorporating quantitative and qualitative methods for data collection, was used. The acute care nurse practitioners' practice pattern varied in terms of scope of practice, model guiding practice, reporting relations, and extent of role implementation.

Determination of the dosage of clomipramine for the treatment of urine spraying in cats.

Objective: To determine the optimal dosage of clomipramine for the treatment of urine spraying in cats.

Design: Randomized controlled multicenter clinical trial.

Animals: 67 neutered cats.

The isoazimuthal perception of sounds across distance: a preliminary investigation into the location of the audio egocenter.

Evidence indicates that both visual and auditory input may be represented in multiple frames of reference at different processing stages in the nervous system. Most models, however, have assumed that unimodal auditory input is first encoded in a head-centered reference frame. The present work tested this conjecture by measuring the subjective auditory egocenter in six blindfolded listeners who were asked to match the perceived azimuths of sounds that were alternately played between a surrounding arc of far-field speakers and a hand-held point source located three different distances from the head.

Effect of budesonide aqueous nasal spray on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in children with allergic rhinitis.

Background: Intranasal corticosteroids are safe and effective for treating allergic rhinitis in adults. Since children may receive more systemic corticosteroid on a dose-per-weight basis than adults, the safety of corticosteroid therapy in pediatric patients is an important issue.

Objective: To determine the effects of treatment with budesonide aqueous nasal spray using the recommended once-daily dose for adults and children 6 years and older on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function in pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis.

Characterization of three myotonia-associated mutations of the CLCN1 chloride channel gene via heterologous expression.

Two novel mutations of the human CLCN1 chloride channel gene, c.592C>G (p.L198V) and c.

Molecular genetic evidence for interspecific hybridization among endemic Hispaniolan Bursera (Burseraceae).

Historically, genetic introgression among species as well as hybrid origins for species of the diploid tree genus Bursera (Burseraceae) have been proposed based on the supposition that individuals morphologically intermediate between sympatric "parent" species must be derived from hybridization. This study reports the first molecular genetic evidence for both unidirectional and reciprocal interspecific hybridization within Bursera. Phylogenies of hybrids and other species in B.

Early life environmental control: effect on symptoms, sensitization, and lung function at age 3 years.

We investigated whether environmental control during pregnancy and early life affects sensitization and lung function at the age of 3 years. High-risk children (n = 251) were prenatally randomized to stringent environmental control (active) or no intervention (control). Questionnaires, skin testing, IgE, and specific airway resistance (sRaw) measurement were completed at the age of 3 years.

Prenatal testing and pregnancy termination in Sri Lanka: views of medical students and doctors.

Introduction: Prenatal diagnosis and pregnancy termination generate complex ethical issues. Surveys conducted in Sri Lanka among doctors and medical students in 1986 supported a change in law in favour of pregnancy termination when gross genetic defects are detected antenatally. A new generation of prenatal tests has focused attention again on the topic of termination and under what circumstances it might be legally done.