Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and Inuit Nutrition Security in Canada.

Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) has been fundamental to the diet and culture of Arctic Indigenous Peoples for thousands of years. Although caribou populations observe natural cycles of abundance and scarcity, several caribou herds across the Circumpolar North have experienced dramatic declines in recent decades due to a range of interrelated factors. Broadly, the objectives of this study are to examine food and nutrition security in relation to wildlife population and management status across Inuit Nunangat (the Inuit homeland, consisting of four regions across the Canadian Arctic).

Multiple eruptive squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with chronic plaque psoriasis on adalimumab.

A 67-year-old man with chronic plaque psoriasis previously treated with psoralen plus PUVA, ciclosporin, methotrexate and acitretin developed eruptive squamous cell carcinoma after seven doses of adalimumab. We review the association of squamous cell carcinoma with immunosuppressive agents used for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. Initiation of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors in a patient at high risk of non-melanoma skin cancer may warrant chemoprophylaxis with acitretin.

A puzzling case: SCC or not?

We present a 37-year-old woman who underwent extensive facial surgery for removal of multiple eruptive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)-like lesions resembling invasive SCC histologically. The patient's mother had undergone numerous surgical procedures and radiotherapy for facial SCC. A review of the histology and immunohistochemistry for DNA mismatch repair proteins excluded Muir-Torre syndrome.

Clinical review of 202 patients with vulval lichen sclerosus: A possible association with psoriasis.

Two hundred and two patients with clinically typical or biopsy-confirmed vulval lichen sclerosus were reviewed either at consultation (75%) or by retrospectively examining their chart. At diagnosis, 79% were 50 years or older. Ninety-six per cent complained of itching, pain and/or dyspareunia.

Impairment of hepatic mitochondrial respiratory function following storage and orthotopic transplantation of rat livers.

Prolonged storage of organs for transplant results in tissue damage which may be compounded on reperfusion of the graft tissue. The effect of storage times was examined on hepatic mitochondrial oxygen consumption and activities of complexes I, II-III, IV, and V in mitochondria isolated from rat liver isografts stored for 25 min and 24 h pre- and posttransplantation. While Complex I activity was significantly (P < 0.

Measurements of tissue viability in transplantation.

Near-infrared spectroscopy has primarily been used in monitoring changes in cerebral haemoglobin oxygenation and haemodynamics. However its use as a method for the assessment of tissue viability following transplantation has recently been explored experimentally in our laboratory. The ability to measure changes in oxygenation and perfusion during harvesting and following transplantation of organs or transfer of free and pedicled flaps potentially important in reconstructive surgery.

Metabolic effects of cold storage on livers from euthermic and hibernating Columbian ground squirrels.

The current study was undertaken to investigate energy metabolism during hypoxia in the cold in livers from euthermic and hibernating Columbian ground squirrels. We hypothesized that the hibernating Columbian ground squirrel would be able to maintain liver energetics for a considerably longer time than euthermic animals. Particular reference was made to the function of glycolysis, which is the only mechanism for energy production under hypothermic ischemia.

Monitoring of surface mitochondrial NADH levels as an indication of ischemia during liver isograft transplantation.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a major cause of transplant dysfunction. One feature of this damage is mitochondrial dysfunction. The objective of this study was to determine whether surface fluorometric measurements of mitochondrial NADH can be made, and if the technique can detect differences in mitochondrial respiration between minimally stored 1 to 2 degrees C for 25 minutes (group 1, control) transplanted livers and those stored in hypertonic citrate at 1 to 2 degrees C (group 2) for 24 hours before transplantation.

Liver metabolism in cold hypoxia: a comparison of energy metabolism and glycolysis in cold-sensitive and cold-resistant mammals.

The effects of cold hypoxia were examined during a time-course at 2 degrees C on levels of glycolytic metabolites: glycogen, glucose, glucose-1-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate, pyruvate, lactate and energetics (ATP, ADP, AMP) of livers from rats and columbian ground squirrels. Responses of adenylate pools reflected the energy imbalance created during cold hypoxia in both rat and ground squirrel liver within minutes of organ isolation. In rat, ATP levels and energy charge values for freshly isolated livers were 2.

Plasma and mucosal histamine after small bowel transplantation in rats.

During the course of a study on preservation of small bowel transplants in rats, the hypothesis that histamine may play a role in graft damage has been investigated. Plasma and mucosal histamine levels have been measured after storage and reperfusion of Lewis rat small bowel transplants which have received an intravascular flush of saline or of one of the tissue preservation media, hypertonic citrate or University of Wisconsin solution. Plasma histamine concentration was unchanged from a control value of 23.

Function of single rat lung isografts after 48-hour cold storage. The effect of treatment with free radical antagonists and prostacyclin PGI2.

Single orthotopic rat lung isografts were carried out in adult male AS rats after 48-hour cold storage (0 degrees C). Grafts were preserved by simple organ flush followed by low-temperature immersion. Hypertonic citrate (HCA) without additives was evaluated as the basic flush solution.

Protection against oxidative damage in cold-stored rabbit kidneys by desferrioxamine and indomethacin.

The storage of rabbit kidneys in hypertonic citrate solution at 0 degree C for 48-72 hr of cold ischemia resulted in oxidative damage to membranes as measured by the in vitro formation of two markers of lipid peroxidation (Schiff's base and thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactive material). This damage was further increased when the organs were autografted and reperfused for 60 min. The intravenous (iv) administration of desferrioxamine (a powerful iron-chelating agent) prior to the removal of the kidneys reduced the production of Schiff's bases and TBA-reactive material to low levels in the cortex of stored kidneys and decreased these measures of lipid peroxidation in the medulla by approximately 50%.

Allopurinol inhibits lipid peroxidation in warm ischaemic and reperfused rabbit kidneys.

Rabbit kidneys were subjected to 120 min of warm ischaemia or to 120 min of warm ischaemia followed by 60 min reperfusion with blood in vivo before being removed, homogenised and incubated at 37 degrees C for 90 min. Lipid extracts were obtained and monitored for Schiff base (fluorescence emission 400-450 nm, excited at 360 nm), thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactive material (emission 553 nm, excited at 515 nm) and diene conjugates (absorbance at 237 nm). Samples removed before incubation were assayed for reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidised glutathione (GSSG) to provide an index of glutathione redox activity (GSH:GSSG).

The importance of iron, calcium and free radicals in reperfusion injury: an overview of studies in ischaemic rabbit kidneys.

An overview of a series of experiments attempting to link iron and calcium redistribution and release of free fatty acids with falls in pH and adenine nucleotide levels during cold storage of rabbit kidneys is presented. The data reviewed strongly suggest that these events are inextricably linked to subsequent reperfusion injury. Circumstantial evidence incriminating iron was provided by experiments showing that iron chelation decreased reperfusion injury after warm (WI) and cold ischaemia (CI) in rat skin flap and rabbit kidney models.

Reduced susceptibility to lipid peroxidation in cold ischemic rabbit kidneys after addition of desferrioxamine, mannitol, or uric acid to the flush solution.

Rabbit kidneys were stored for 24 hr at 0 degree C after single passage arterial flush with 30 ml of cold isotonic 0.9% sodium chloride (saline) solution alone or saline to which was added 12, 30, or 60 mM desferrioxamine, 1 or 3 mM uric acid, or 100 mM mannitol. They were then subjected to in vitro biochemical assay for evidence of free radical damage immediately after storage.

Evidence of free-radical-induced damage in rabbit kidneys after simple hypothermic preservation and autotransplantation.

Rabbit kidneys were stored for 24 or 48 hr at 0 degree C after single-passage vascular flush with 30 ml of cold hypertonic citrate solution or 0.9% isotonic sodium chloride solution. They were then subjected to in vitro biochemical assay for evidence of free-radical damage immediately after storage or after they had been orthotopically autotransplanted and reperfused with blood in vivo for 60 min.

Increased susceptibility to lipid peroxidation in rabbit kidneys: a consequence of warm ischaemia and subsequent reperfusion.

Rabbit kidneys were clamped and rendered warm ischaemic (WI) in situ for 60 and 120 min. They were then either removed immediately after the ischaemic insult or after reperfusion with blood for 60 min or 24 hr. Homogenates were assayed for phospholipid-Schiff base fluorescence (Ex.

Desferrioxamine reduces susceptibility to lipid peroxidation in rabbit kidneys subjected to warm ischaemia and reperfusion.

Rabbit kidneys were clamped and subjected to warm ischaemia for 60 or 120 min then reperfused with blood for 60 min or for 24 hr. Treated rabbits received desferrioxamine at 15 or 50 mg/kg i.v.