In vitro biocompatibility of ICON(®) and TEGDMA on human dental pulp stem cells.

Objectives: Resin infiltrants have been successfully used in dental medicine preventing the progression of tooth decay in an early phase of caries development. ICON(®) is an infiltrant of low-viscosity which penetrates via dentinal tubules into the lesion in dependence of the demineralization depth. Hence, we performed an in vitro study to determine the effect of ICON(®) on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).

The first description in the literature, of a complication during the extraction of a retrograde expandable intra-medullary nail in three patients.

Ankle fractures in elderly people are low-energy fractures characterised by fragility. In the majority, they are unstable and challenging to manage. Retrograde expandable intra-medullary nails (Fixion®, Biomet Merck Limited) inserted through the calcaneum across the sub-talar and ankle joints into the tibia have been successfully used in the treatment of fragility fractures and non-unions of the distal tibia and ankle, where the use of an antegrade locked nail would not provide adequate fracture stability for union.

One-pot synthesis of human metabolites of SAR548304 by fungal peroxygenases.

Unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs, EC 1.11.2.

The treatment of high tibial osteotomy non-union with the Ilizarov external fixator.

To evaluate the results of the Ilizarov external fixator in the treatment of non-union post-high tibial osteotomy (HTO). Five non-unions, in four patients, following HTO were treated by Ilizarov fixation. Clinical outcome was assessed pre- and post-operatively by the Knee Society Clinical Rating System (KSCRS).

Controlling the energy transfer in dipole chains.

Processing digital signals on the molecular scale is of great interest. In this paper, we discuss the control of pulselike energy propagation through one-dimensional arrays of dipoles. Three systems are explored.

Electrical treatment of tibial non-union: a prospective, randomised, double-blind trial.

Electrical stimulation in the treatment of bony non-union has been used in different forms for many years. However, there is still a lot of uncertainty about its efficacy. We, therefore, undertook a prospective, randomised, double-blind trial to try and determine its effect.

Use of the coventry infant hip screw in the treatment of nonunion of fractures of the distal humerus.

Between 1993 and 2000 we treated 14 patients with nonunion of fractures of the distal humerus; 11 had already had previous fixation which had failed. The mean time to surgery was 21 months after injury. All the fractures were very low which made it difficult to obtain a firm hold of the small distal fragment.

Management of acute and chronic osteomyelitis.

The incidence of acute and subacute osteomyelitis is declining. Vaccination has almost eradicated Haemophilus bone infection in infants. However, chronic traumatic osteomyelitis is becoming more frequent following an increase in motorcycle accidents and infected internal fixation of fractures.

Augmentative Ilizarov external fixation after failure of diaphyseal union with intramedullary nailing.

Objective: To investigate the use of the Ilizarov circular fixator and nail retention in treating diaphyseal nonunion following previous intramedullary nailing.

Design: Retrospectively reviewed, consecutive series. Mean duration of follow-up after achieving bone union: 19.

Modification of the Nicoll bone-grafting technique for nonunion of the radius and/or ulna.

We treated 19 patients with established nonunion of the radius and/or ulna by the excision of avascular bone and the grafting of blocks of corticocancellous bone from the iliac crest, augmented by rigid plate fixation under compression. This allowed early mobilisation, and bony union was achieved between three and 24 months after operation in all but one of the patients. The single failure was attributed to the excessive length of the defect (100 mm) and inadequate fixation.

An exploratory study into the effect of group psychotherapy on cardiovascular and immunoreactivity to acute stress in breast cancer patients.

Background: : Previous studies of cancer patients investigated the effect of psychological treatment on basal endocrine and immune values. Using a randomized experiment, we explored the effect of a 13-week experiential-existential group psychotherapy (EEGP) program on the reactivity to a speech task in breast cancer patients. We explored whether changes in cardiovascular and immune reactivity to a speech task over the 3-month period correlated with changes in psychological distress and emotional expression.

Tibiocalcaneal fusion for avascular necrosis of the talus.

Between 1994 and 1999, we treated six patients with avascular necrosis of the talus by excision of the necrotic body of the talus and tibiocalcaneal fusion using an Ilizarov frame. This was combined with corticotomy and a lengthening procedure. Shortening was corrected in all patients except two, who were over 60 years of age.

Nonunion of the humerus after failure of surgical treatment. Management using the Ilizarov circular fixator.

We used the Ilizarov circular external fixator to treat 16 patients with persistent nonunion of the diaphysis of the humerus despite surgical treatment. All patients had pain and severe functional impairment of the affected arm. In ten, nonunion followed intramedullary nailing.

Established nonunion of the scaphoid treated by volar wedge grafting and Herbert screw fixation.

We reviewed 26 consecutive men of mean age 28 years who had wedge bone grafting and Herbert screw fixation for symptomatic established nonunion of the waist of the scaphoid. The period between injury and operation averaged 30 months (10 to 96), and 11 of the 26 patients had had previous operations, seven with bone grafts. At a mean follow-up of 14 months (6 to 42) 25 fractures (95%) had united at a median time of four months.

Locked nailing for nonunion of the tibia.

We treated 24 patients with nonunion of tibial shaft fractures by locked intramedullary nailing, 18 by open and six by closed techniques. Union was achieved in 22 patients, failing only in two patients with active infection. Locked nailing prevented recurrence of deformity and allowed the patients to mobilise without external support.

Free vascularised fibular grafts for congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia.

We describe 11 patients with congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia treated by a free vascularised fibular graft (FVFG) and followed up from 10 to 64 months (mean 38). Bony union was achieved in nine of the 11 cases: two failures required amputation. The mean time for union in the successful cases was five months.

Electrical stimulation in the treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia.

A treatment regime using electrical stimulation in association with a variety of surgical procedures has improved the prognosis in congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia--one of the most challenging of all orthopaedic disorders. The technique consists of correction of the tibial deformity, intramedullary fixation and cancellous bone grafting, augmented by electrical stimulation using an implanted bone-growth stimulator. Experience with 27 pseudarthroses in 25 patients is presented; of those, 20 have joined.

The treatment of non-union by pulsed electromagnetic fields combined with a Denham external fixator.

Fifteen cases of non-union of a long bone were treated by pulsed electromagnetic fields in combination with a Denham external fixator. Thirteen united within a few months and a controlled trial has been established to determine the contribution made by PEMF.

Cine radiography in cervical spondylosis as a means of determining the level for anterior fusion.

A series of 75 patients who had undergone anterior cervical fusion between 1965 and 1977 were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups: those in Group A had had the level of fusion indicated by cine radiography, whereas in Group B the level had been determined by plain radiographs and clinical symptoms and signs. Results showed that cine radiography was the more accurate diagnostic technique.