Negative life events and depression by gender in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brazil).

Objective: Gender differences may interfere with the association between Negative Life Events (NLEs) and prevalent/incident depression. This study evaluated the effect of gender in this association using data from the ELSA-Brazil cohort.

Methods: The authors analyzed 15,088 participants (mean age, 52.

The effect of age on the relationship between negative life events and current and new depressive episodes: results from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Background: There is scarce data concerning the relationship between negative life events (NLEs)* and current and new depressive episodes by age.

Methods: Cross-sectional (baseline) and prospective analyses (4-year/8-year follow-ups) were performed in 15,105 civil servants in 6 cities in Brazil classified according to age strata at baseline: 1st(35-44), 2nd(45-54), 3rd(55-64), and 4th(65-74) years. The independent variable was NLEs in the last year (robbery, hospitalization, death of a relative, financial hardship, and rupture of a love relationship) collected at baseline.

Role of IL-18 in adipose tissue remodeling and metabolic dysfunction.

Background/objectives: Proinflammatory cytokines are increased in obese adipose tissue, including inflammasome key masters. Conversely, IL-18 protects against obesity and metabolic dysfunction. We focused on the IL-18 effect in controlling adipose tissue remodeling and metabolism.

[Repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on health services for people with disabilities: report from rehabilitation professionals].

Several healthcare processes, including rehabilitation, require prompt initiation and cannot be interrupted. Therefore, these processes underwent important adaptations during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is not fully known how healthcare facilities adapted their strategies and what the results were.

Barriers to the access of people with disabilities to health services: a scoping review.

Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence regarding barriers to the access of people with disabilities to health services.

Methods: A scoping review was carried out from the main question: "What are the main barriers that people with disabilities face in accessing health services?" The articles were surveyed in July 2019 in six scientific literature databases. Of the 1,155 documents identified in the searches, after selection by title and abstract, 170 publications were read in full and, thus, 96 articles were included and categorized according to the theoretical framework.

Effects of different cultivation conditions on the production of β-cyclocitral and β-ionone in Microcystis aeruginosa.

Background: Cyanobacteria blooms have become a major environmental problem and concern because of secondary metabolites produced by cyanobacteria released into the water. Cyanobacteria produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as the compounds β-cyclocitral and β-ionone, which comprise odors, off-flavors, defense compounds, as well as growth regulators. Therefore, the general objective of this work was to evaluate the VOCs produced by two strains of Microcystis aeruginosa, differing in their ability to produce microcystins (LTPNA 01-non-producing and LTPNA 08-toxin-producing).

Chia oil supplementation changes body composition and activates insulin signaling cascade in skeletal muscle tissue of obese animals.

Objective: Chia seed oil is the richest source of plant-based ω-3 fatty acid, α-linolenic acid, but its potential and mechanisms of action to treat obesity are unclear. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of chia oil (ChOi) supplementation on body composition and insulin signaling in skeletal muscles of obese mice.

Methods: Male C57 BL/6 mice (n = 8/group) were fed regular control chow or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 135 d.

Effect of obesity on biodistribution of nanoparticles.

Nanoparticles have specific features (lipophilicity, surface charge, composition and size). Studies regarding the biological behavior of nanoparticles in diseases such diabetics and obesity are scarce. Here, we evaluated two nanoparticles: magnetic core mesoporous silica (MSN) (58 nm) and polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticle (280 nm) in obese mice.

Differential Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Status and Placental Transport in Adolescent Pregnancies.

Adolescent pregnancy increases risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Placental delivery of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) is essential for fetal growth and development. In this pilot study, we aimed to assess maternal and fetal status of fatty acids (FA) measured at birth and the expression of key genes involved in FA uptake, transport and metabolism in the placenta of fifteen adolescents and fifteen adults.

Patient safety: knowledge between multiprofessional residents.

Objective: To assess the knowledge of multiprofesional residents in health about the security of the patient theme.

Methods: Cross-sectional study, quantitative, developed with graduate courses/residence specialties of health in a public university of Paraná, Brazil. Participants (n=78) answered a questionnaire containing nine objective questions related to patient safety.

Obesity modifies bone marrow microenvironment and directs bone marrow mesenchymal cells to adipogenesis.

Objective: To investigate the role of obesity on the bone marrow microenvironment and evaluate its possible impact on the adipogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC).

Methods: C57BL/6 male mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. Femurs and tibiae were collected, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) were isolated and analyzed for proliferative potential, immunophenotype, and expression of adipogenesis markers.

Microparticles derived from obese adipose tissue elicit a pro-inflammatory phenotype of CD16, CCR5 and TLR8 monocytes.

Macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue (AT) is a hallmark of the chronic inflammatory response in obesity and is supported by an intense monocyte migration towards AT. Although it has been detected an increased proportion of circulating CD16 monocyte subsets in obese subjects, the mechanisms underlying this effect and the contribution of these cells to the inflamed profile of obese AT are still poorly understood. We investigated whether factors secreted by human obese omental AT could polarize monocytes to CD16 enriched phenotype, and how these changes could modify their migratory capacity towards adipose tissue itself.

Obesity promotes alterations in iron recycling.

Hepcidin is a key hormone that induces the degradation of ferroportin (FPN), a protein that exports iron from reticuloendothelial macrophages and enterocytes. The aim of the present study was to experimentally evaluate if the obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) modifies the expression of FPN in macrophages and enterocytes, thus altering the iron bioavailability. In order to directly examine changes associated with iron metabolism in vivo, C57BL/6J mice were fed either a control or a HFD.

Chronic aerobic exercise associated to dietary modification improve endothelial function and eNOS expression in high fat fed hamsters.

Obesity is epidemic in the western world and central adipose tissue deposition points to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, independently of any association between obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors. Physical exercise has been used as non-pharmacological treatment to significantly reverse/attenuate obesity comorbidities. In this study we have investigated effects of exercise and/or dietary modification on microcirculatory function, body composition, serum glucose, iNOS and eNOS expression on 120 male hamsters treated for 12 weeks with high fat chow (HF, n = 30) starting on the 21st day of birth.

Increased leptin response and inhibition of apoptosis in thymocytes of young rats offspring from protein deprived dams during lactation.

We investigated the consequences of mild maternal malnutrition in rat dams, in terms of thymocyte responses and the putative role of leptin. The young progeny of dams submitted to protein deprivation (PD) during lactation showed at 30 days of age lower body and thymus weights, significant alterations in CD4/CD8-defined T cell subsets without modifications in total thymocyte number as well as in proliferative response. Despite, the rats from PD group did not present alterations in leptin circulating levels, the expression of leptin receptor ObRb was enhanced in their thymocytes.

Vitamin A modulates the expression of genes involved in iron bioavailability.

Iron bioavailability seems to be regulated by vitamin A (VA) but the molecular events involved in this mechanism are not well understood. It is also known that retinoids mediate most of their function via interaction with retinoid receptors, which act as ligand-activated transcription factors controlling the expression of a number of target genes. Here, we evaluated the VA effects on the modulation of the levels of mRNA encoding proteins involved in the iron bioavailability, whether in the intestinal absorption process or in the liver iron metabolism.

High fat diet induces central obesity, insulin resistance and microvascular dysfunction in hamsters.

Microvascular dysfunction is an early finding in obesity possibly related to co-morbidities like diabetes and hypertension. Therefore we have investigated changes on microvascular function, body composition, glucose and insulin tolerance tests (GTT and ITT) on male hamsters fed either with high fat (HFD, n=20) or standard (Control, n=21) diet during 16 weeks. Total body fat and protein content were determined by carcass analysis, aorta eNOS and iNOS expression by immunoblotting assay and mean blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) by an arterial catheter.

Maternal protein restriction during early lactation induces changes on neutrophil activation and TNF-alpha production of adult offspring.

Maternal nutritional environmental in early life has been often associated with long term effects on the immune response in adulthood. The effects of maternal protein deprivation during early lactation on neutrophil-mediated innate immunity were investigated in adult rats, offspring of dams fed with a protein-free diet during the first days of lactation (PD), and compared to controls (22% protein diet). Inflamed PD animals showed an inhibited neutrophil migration and an impaired recruitment of leukocytes from bone marrow pool to circulation.

Maternal protein restriction during early lactation induces GLUT4 translocation and mTOR/Akt activation in adipocytes of adult rats.

Epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that early postnatal nutrition has been associated with long-term effects on glucose homeostasis in adulthood. Recently, our group demonstrated that undernutrition during early lactation affects the expression and activation of key proteins of the insulin signaling cascade in rat skeletal muscle during postnatal development. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which undernutrition during early life leads to changes in insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, we investigated the insulin signaling in adipose tissue.

Low expression of insulin signaling molecules impairs glucose uptake in adipocytes after early overnutrition.

Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that early postnatal overnutrition represents a risk factor for later obesity and associated metabolic and cardiovascular disturbance. In the present study, we assessed the levels of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4), GLUT-1, insulin receptor (IR), IR substrate 1 (IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt expression, as well as insulin-stimulated glucose transport and Akt activity in adipocytes from adult rats previously raised in small litters (SL). The normal litter (NL) served as control group.

Light cigarette smoke-induced emphysema and NFkappaB activation in mouse lung.

Light cigarette (LC) exposure is supposed to be less hazardous with a decreased incidence of cancer and tobacco-associated diseases. C57BL/6 mouse groups were subjected to smoke from 3, 6 or 12 LC for 60 days and compared with mice exposed to ambient air (EAA) in order to study lung injury by morphometrical and biochemical methods. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) analysis and histology and stereology were performed.