A Nutritional Strategy Based on Multiple Components for Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background/objectives: The optimal dietary approach for managing glycemic and metabolic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is still uncertain, though it should be tailored for clinical settings. Therefore, we sought to assess the impact of a multicomponent nutritional strategy on glycemic control in T2D patients within a public health system.

Methods: NUGLIC was an open-label, parallel-group, superiority, multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma: Imaging features and differential diagnosis.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) represents 5% of malignant primary brain tumors. The clinical presentation typically includes focal neurological symptoms, increased intracranial pressure, seizures, and psychiatric symptoms. Although histological examination remains the gold standard for diagnostic confirmation, non-invasive imaging plays a crucial role for the diagnosis.

Adequacy of Fatty Acids Consumption Among Individuals in Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention.

Background: Adhering to a diet adequate in macronutrients is crucial for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of adherence to recommendations for the consumption of dietary fatty acids for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and to estimate whether the presence of certain cardiovascular risk factors would be associated with adherence.

Methods: Cross-sectional study using baseline data from 2,358 participants included in the "Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program Trial".

Mindful eating questionnaire: Validation and reliability in Brazilian adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ) in Brazilian subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and validate a Brazilian version of the MEQ for adults with T2DM (MEQ-DM).

Methodology: Baseline data from the multicentre Nutritional Strategy for Glycaemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (NUGLIC) trial were used. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA).

Insights into Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Central Nervous System Paracoccidioidomycosis: A Comprehensive Review.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a infection caused by the thermodimorphic fungus spp. (P. and, mainly, ).

Imaging features of neurosyphilis.

Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum, subspecies pallidum. Although its incidence has declined after the widespread availability of penicillin, it has recently re-emerged, especially in men who have sex with men and in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The neurological manifestations of syphilis, generally known as neurosyphilis, may appear at any time during the infection, including the initial years after the primary infection.

The role of neuroimaging in the determination of brain death.

Brain death is the irreversible cessation of all brain function. Although protocols for its determination vary among countries, the concept of brain death is widely accepted, despite ethical and religious issues. The pathophysiology of brain death is related to hypoxia and ischemia in the setting of extensive brain injury.

Ethyl Butanoate, Constituent of Cassava Wastewater Volatiloma, a Potential Soil Fumigant Against .

As a result of more restrictive legislation regarding the use of pesticides, over the last two decades, the demand for new soil fumigants has increased. These compounds can come from a variety of sources, including organic residues. In this study, we identified in the cassava wastewater volatiloma a molecule with potential to be developed as a new fumigant nematicide.

[Brazilian government proposals for actions to prevent and control overweight and obesity from a local perspective].

The article analyzes actions in the prevention and control of overweight and obesity that have been developed in the 92 municipalities (counties) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, based on underlying principles in the typology of public policies developed by Lowi and Line of Care for Overweight and Obesity, according to the following analytical dimensions: program actions in prevention and control of obesity, characterization of macro policies according to the Lowi typology, and characterization of macro policies according to the Line of Care for Overweight and Obesity. The study is part of a research project from 2014 to 2018 that aimed to identify the strategies and challenges in the consolidation of the actions planned in the Line of Care for Overweight and Obesity, based on analysis of secondary data and government documents; searches in the municipalities' official websites; interviews; focus groups; and online questionnaires with health professionals and managers. The documents point to a series of actions such as individual consultations, support groups, health gyms, school health programs, and others, reinforced by the interviewees' narratives.

[Models of care for individuals with obesity in primary healthcare in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil].

Brazil has developed policies for the prevention and control of obesity through the Brazilian Unified National Health System. This study analyzed the characteristics of proposed "models of care" reported by health professionals in primary care in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The methods included interviews and focus groups with professionals and managers in primary care and the thematic areas of food and nutrition in the 92 municipalities (counties) of Rio de Janeiro state and document analysis of federal and state legislation and guidelines.

Implementation of a Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional (BALANCE) Program for improvement on quality of diet and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: A randomized, multicenter trial.

Background: Appropriate dietary recommendations represent a key part of secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the effectiveness of the implementation of a nutritional program on quality of diet, cardiovascular events, and death in patients with established CVD.

Methods: In this open-label, multicenter trial conducted in 35 sites in Brazil, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients aged 45 years or older to receive either the BALANCE Program (experimental group) or conventional nutrition advice (control group).

Intake of fibers and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals on a secondary prevention for cardiovascular diseases: a multicenter study.

Introduction: Among the non-pharmacologic measures for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which are the first cause of death worldwide, the adequate intake of dietary fibers (DF) has shown an important role.

Objective: To evaluate the association between the intake of DF and the cardio-metabolic risk factors in individuals on a secondary prevention for CVD.

Methods: Transversal study with basal data of the study's DICA Br participants belonging to collaborative centers in the states of Maranhão (MA), Bahia (BA) and Rio de Janeiro (RJ).

The Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program to reduce events and risk factors in secondary prevention for cardiovascular disease: study protocol (The BALANCE Program Trial).

This article reports the rationale for the Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program (BALANCE Program) Trial. This pragmatic, multicenter, nationwide, randomized, concealed, controlled trial was designed to investigate the effects of the BALANCE Program in reducing cardiovascular events. The BALANCE Program consists of a prescribed diet guided by nutritional content recommendations from Brazilian national guidelines using a unique nutritional education strategy, which includes suggestions of affordable foods.

Hypodermic needle without recipient paraffin block technique.

This technique allows building TMA blocks with more than 300 tissue cores without using a recipient paraffin block for the tissue cores and without using a commercial TMA builder instrument. It is based on the construction of TMA needles modifying conventional hypodermic needles to punch tissue cores from donor blocks. Tissue cores are punctured from donor blocks and attached by double-sided adhesive tape on a computer-generated paper grid used to align the cores on the block mold, which is filled with liquid paraffin.

Cell-cycle and suppressor proteins expression in uterine cervix in HIV/HPV co-infection: comparative study by tissue micro-array (TMA).

Background: The oncoproteins of human papillomavirus (HPVs) directly effect cell-cycle control. We hypothesize that regulatory and cell cycle protein expression might be additionally modified in the cervix of HIV/HPV co-infected women.

Methods: We analyzed the expression of Rb, p27, VEGF and Elf-1 transcriptor factor by immunohistochemistry in 163 paraffin-embeded cervical samples using Tissue Micro-Array (TMA) and correlated this to HIV-1 and HPV infection.

TMA for all: a new method for the construction of tissue microarrays without recipient paraffin block using custom-built needles.

Background: TMAs are becoming a useful tool for research and quality control methods, mostly for immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.

Methods: A new technique that allows building TMA blocks with more than 300 tissue cores without using a recipient paraffin block for the tissue cores and without using a commercial TMA builder instrument is described. This technique is based on the construction of TMA needles modifying conventional hypodermic needles to punch tissue cores from donor blocks, which are attached by double-side adhesive tape on a computer-generated paper grid used to align the cores on the block mould, which is filled with liquid paraffin.