Nanoencapsulated Curcumin: Enhanced Efficacy in Reversing Memory Loss in An Alzheimer Disease Model.

Investigating new drugs or formulations that target Alzheimer disease (AD) is critical for advancing therapeutic interventions. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of nanoencapsulated curcumin (NC Curc) in alleviating memory impairment, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation in a validated AD model. Male Wistar rats were given bilateral intracerebroventricular injections of either saline or streptozotocin (STZ) (3 mg/3 µL/site) to establish the AD model (day 0).

(p-ClPhSe) modulation on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism requires the insulin-like signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Organoselenium compounds modulate the metabolism by regulating carbohydrate and lipid syntheses and degradation in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. Notably, p-chloro-diphenyl diselenide (p-ClPhSe) can directly regulate the activities of enzymes involved in glucose metabolism, suggesting an insulin-like effect in rodents; however, there is still a lack of scientific evidence to confirm this hypothesis. The objective of this study was to investigate (p-ClPhSe) effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Bougainvillea glabra Choisy bracts extract in free and liposomal forms reduce hyperplasia induced by let-60gain-of-function in Caenorhabditis elegans.

In this study, we evaluated the toxicological and antiproliferative effects of B. glabra Choisy bract extract (BGCE) in its free and loaded into liposomes forms administered to C. elegans mutants with let-60 gain-of-function (gf).

Purple pitanga extract (Eugenia uniflora) attenuates oxidative stress induced by MPTP.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) has been widely used due to its specific and reproducible neurotoxic effect on the nigrostriatal system, being considered a convenient model of dopaminergic neurodegeneration to study interventions therapeutics. The purple pitanga (Eugenia uniflora) is a polyphenol-rich fruit with antioxidant and antidepressant properties, among others. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of purple pitanga extract (PPE) on acute early oxidative stress induced by intranasal 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) administration in rats.

Development and In Vivo Assessment of 4-Phenyltellanyl-7-chloroquinoline-loaded Polymeric Nanocapsules in Alzheimer's Disease Models.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in older people, and available treatments are palliative and produce undesirable side effects. The 4-phenyltellanyl-7-chloroquinoline (TQ) is an organochalcogen compound studied due to its pharmacological properties, particularly its antioxidant potential. However, TQ possesses some drawbacks such as low aqueous solubility and high toxicity, thus warranting the search for tools that improve the safety and effectiveness of new compounds.

Neuroprotective effect of Eugenia uniflora against intranasal MPTP-induced memory impairments in rats: The involvement of pro-BDNF/p75 pathway.

Parkinson's disease is a multisystemic neurodegenerative disorder that includes motor and non-motor symptoms, and common symptoms include memory loss and learning difficulties. Thus, we investigated the neuroprotective potential of a hydroalcoholic extract of Brazilian purple cherry (Eugenia uniflora) (HAE-BC) on memory impairments induced by intranasal 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) administration in rats and the involvement of hippocampal BDNF/TrkB/p75 pathway in its effects. Adult male Wistar rats were exposed to MPTP (1 mg/nostril) or vehicle.

A Purine Derivative Containing an Organoselenium Group Protects Against Memory Impairment, Sensitivity to Nociception, Oxidative Damage, and Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

In the present study, the effect of 6-((4-fluorophenyl) selanyl)-9H-purine (FSP) was tested against memory impairment and sensitivity to nociception induced by intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) (25-35 fragment), 3 nmol/3 μl/per site in mice. Memory impairment was determined by the object recognition task (ORT) and nociception by the Von-Frey test (VFT). Aβ caused neuroinflammation with upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (in hippocampus), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and the proinflammatory cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in cerebral cortex and hippocampus.

MeHg exposure impairs both the catecholaminergic and cholinergic systems resulting in motor and non-motor behavioral changes in Drosophila melanogaster.

Human exposure to the natural environmental contaminant methylmercury (MeHg) has been associated to adverse health effects. Importantly, the mechanisms by which this organomercurial exerts its neurotoxicity have yet to be fully clarified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether exposure to MeHg alters dopamine (DA) and octopamine (OA) levels, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and impacts both motor and non-motor behaviours.

Dihydropyrimidinone-derived selenoesters efficacy and safety in an in vivo model of Aβ aggregation.

In a previous in vitro study, dihydropyrimidinone-derived selenoesteres demonstrated antioxidant properties, metal chelators and inhibitory acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, making these compounds promising candidates for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) treatment. However, these effects have yet to be demonstrated in an in vivo animal model; therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of eight selenoester compounds in a Caenorhabditis elegans model using transgenic strains for amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) aggregation. The L1 stage worms were acutely exposed (30 min) to the compounds at concentrations ranging from 5 to 200 μM and after 48 h the maintenance temperature was increased to 25 ° C for Aβ expression and aggregation.

Potential role of a newly AChE reactivator in the depressive-like behavior induced by malathion.

AChE inhibition caused by exposure to organophosphate (OP) compounds is strongly related to behavioural disorders such as depression. Malathion is an OP that already has a relationship between its exposure and behavioural changes, although few data still have its effects in a longer exposure protocol. In addition, intoxication therapy is based on the use of atropine-oxime which still has its controversial efficacy depending on the type of compound.

Evaluation of curcumin-loaded polymeric nanocapsules with different coatings in chick embryo model: influence on angiogenesis, teratogenesis and oxidative stress.

Background: Curcumin (CUR) is a bioactive compound with several proven pharmacological properties. However, the major limitation for therapeutic use of CUR is its low bioavailability. In this sense, an alternative to this question is the use of polymeric nanocapsules (NC) as drug/nutraceutical delivery systems.

A toxicological comparison between two uranium compounds in Artemia salina: Artificial seawater containing CaCO.

Uranium (U) mining is an aquatic environmental concern because most of these harmful compounds are discharged into freshwater, reaching the saline environment as the final destination of this contaminated water. Carbonates are present in ocean waters and are essential for benthic organisms, however they may influence the U-induced toxicity. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the toxicity of uranium nitrate (UN) and uranium acetate (UA) in Artemia salina (AS), which is one of the leading representatives of the marine biota.

Co-nanoencapsulated meloxicam and curcumin improves cognitive impairment induced by amyloid-beta through modulation of cyclooxygenase-2 in mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive brain disorder and complex mechanisms are involved in the physiopathology of AD. However, there is data suggesting that inflammation plays a role in its development and progression. Indeed, some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as meloxicam, which act by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) have been used as neuroprotective agents in different neurodegenerative disease models.

Cadmium exposure activates NADPH oxidase, renin-angiotensin system and cyclooxygenase 2 pathways in arteries, inducing hypertension and vascular damage.

Exposure to high concentrations of cadmium (Cd), widely used in many industries and found in air, food and contaminated water, is not uncommon. Cd damages the cardiovascular system, but the vascular mechanisms involved are not fully understood. This study investigated the mechanisms involved in cardiovascular damage after exposure to high Cd concentrations.

Antidepressant-like effect of (3Z)-5-Chloro-3-(hydroxyimino)indolin-2-one in rats exposed to malathion: Involvement of BDNF-Trkβ pathway and AChE.

Background: Organophosphorus pesticides exert their toxic effects mainly by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which is related to emotional disorders, such as depression. Atropine-oximes therapy is commonly used; however, the efficacy of oximes in the reactivation of AChE has been inconsistent. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible neuroprotective effect of (3Z)-5-Chloro-3-(hydroxyimino)indolin-2-one (Cℓ-HIN), a compound that combines the isatin and oxime functional groups, in rats exposed to malathion.

Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway contributes to p-chlorodiphenyl diselenide antidepressant-like action in diabetic mice.

Rationale: The association between depression and diabetes has been recognized for many years, but the nature of this relationship remains uncertain.

Objectives: This study investigated the antidepressant-like effect of (p-ClPhSe) on mice made diabetic by streptozotocin (STZ) and the contribution of cerebral cortical Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway for this effect.

Methods: Male adult Swiss mice received streptozotocin (STZ, 200 mg/kg, i.

Curcumin-Loaded Nanocapsules Reverses the Depressant-Like Behavior and Oxidative Stress Induced by β-Amyloid in Mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder classically characterized by cognitive functions impairment. However, its symptomatology is complex and the depression is one of the most frequent behavioral changes in AD. AD pathology includes neuroinflammation and oxidative stress resulting in the Aβ protein accumulation.

Pre-clinical evidence of safety and protective effect of isatin and oxime derivatives against malathion-induced toxicity.

The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a common outcome caused by organophosphorus (OPs) intoxication. Although inconsistent, the standard treatment consists of a muscarinic receptor antagonist (atropine) and AChE-reactivating molecules such as oximes. This study proposes to test unpublished compounds which contain the moieties of isatin and/or oxime have protective effects against the toxicity induced by malathion in two animal models: Artemia salina and Rattus norvegicus (Wistar rats).

Assessment of unloaded polymeric nanocapsules with different coatings in female rats: Influence on toxicological and behavioral parameters.

The unloaded polymeric nanocapsules (NCs) present incredible characteristics as drug carriers. However, the toxicity caused by NCs with different coatings is still a challenge for contemporary toxicology. Allied to this, preclinical studies are performed in males, disregarding possible gender-dependent toxicity.

Airborne toluene exposure causes germline apoptosis and neuronal damage that promotes neurobehavioural changes in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Toluene is a highly volatile organic solvent present in gasoline. Exposure mainly occurs by absorption via the pulmonary tract and easily reaches the central nervous system, which causes toxic effects. Toluene toxicity has been described but not well established.

(3Z)-5-Chloro-3-(Hydroxyimino)indolin-2-one attenuates hyperglycemia, increased hepatic glycogen content and hepatic damage induced by malathion acute exposure in rats.

Background: Organophosphorus pesticides (OP's) are heavily constituted in agriculture, gardens, home and veterinary and although it is useful, there are concerns about the environment, safety and health of human and animals. In this study, we investigated the effects of a new oxime, (3Z)-5-Chloro-3-(Hydroxyimino)indolin-2-one (OXIME) against the alterations induced by malathion, an OP insecticide, acute exposure on markers of hepatic damage, glucose homeostasis, oxidative stress in rats cholinesterase (ChE) activity in rats.

Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control; Malathion; OXIME; and Malathion+OXIME.

Cationic and anionic unloaded polymeric nanocapsules: Toxicological evaluation in rats shows low toxicity.

The experimental design aiming at evaluating the performance of drugs nanoencapsulated involves inclusion of a formulation without drug (unloaded). This formulation has sometimes presented per se effect. In this sense, we sought to evaluate the toxicity of unloaded polymeric nanocapsules (NCs) with different surfaces (cationic and anionic) in male Wistar rats in male Wistar rats.

Organoselenotriazoles attenuate oxidative damage induced by mitochondrial dysfunction in mev-1 Caenorhabditis elegans mutants.

Organic selenium compounds have several pharmacological activities already described, as anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities, which have been attributed to their antioxidant effects. Because they are promising in pharmacology, the synthesis of these compounds has increased significantly. As many new molecules are synthesized the use of a simple model like Caenorhabditis elegans is highly advantageous for initial evaluation of the toxicity and therapeutic potential of these molecules.

7-Chloro-4-(Phenylselanyl) Quinoline with Memory Enhancer Action in Aging Rats: Modulation of Neuroplasticity, Acetylcholinesterase Activity, and Cholesterol Levels.

This study investigated the effect of 7-chloro-4-(phenylselanyl) quinoline (4-PSQ) to restore the cognitive impairment caused by aging in male Wistar rats. Moreover, modulation of neuroplasticity markers, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and cholesterol levels was performed. Aged rats were intragastrically treated with 4-PSQ (5 mg/kg) for 7 days.