Gut Microbiota and Autoimmune Diseases: A Charming Real World Together with Probiotics.

Background: The role of gut microbiota in human disease is fascinating for hundreds of researchers worldwide. Many works have highlighted that gut microbiota modulates the immune system and that its disruption can trigger autoimmune and inflammatory immune-mediated diseases. Probiotics are able to positively modify microbiota composition.

A long-term nationwide study on chronic kidney disease-related mortality in Italy: trends and associated comorbidity.

Background: Chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) represent a major public health concern worldwide with increasing incidence and prevalence. However, the epidemiological dimension of CKD in Italy is still under evaluation. By analyzing all the conditions reported on death certificates (multiple causes of death), we aimed to investigate the real burden of CKD mortality in Italy over 15 years and identify the main conditions contributing to death in association with CKD.

Evolution of Pathology Patterns in Persons Who Died From COVID-19 in Italy: A National Study Based on Death Certificates.

In Italy, during the first epidemic wave of 2020, the peak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality was reached at the end of March. Afterward, a progressive reduction was observed until much lower figures were reached during the summer, resulting from the contained circulation of SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to determine if and how the pathological patterns of the individuals deceased from COVID-19 changed during the phases of epidemic waves in terms of: (i) main cause of death, (ii) comorbidities, and (iii) complications related to death.

The Role of COVID-19 in the Death of SARS-CoV-2-Positive Patients: A Study Based on Death Certificates.

Death certificates are considered the most reliable source of information to compare cause-specific mortality across countries. The aim of the present study was to examine death certificates of persons who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to (a) quantify the number of deaths directly caused by coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19); (b) estimate the most common complications leading to death; and (c) identify the most common comorbidities. Death certificates of persons who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 provided to the National Surveillance system were coded according to the 10th edition of the International Classification of Diseases.

Geographic Inequalities in Breast Cancer in Italy: Trend Analysis of Mortality and Risk Factors.

We calculated time trends of standardised mortality rates and risk factors for breast cancer (BC) from 1990 to 2016 for all women resident in Italy. The age-standardised mortality rate in Italy decreased from 4.2 in 1990 to 3.

Indications for Non-Invasive Ventilation in Respiratory Failure.

Background: Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is increasingly being used to treat episodes of acute respiratory failure not only in critical care and respiratory wards, but also in emergency departments.

Aim: Aim of this review is to summarize the current indications for the management of NIV for respiratory failure.

Methods: Current literature about the topic was reviewed and critically reported to describe the rationale and physiologic advantages of NIV in various situations of respiratory failure.

[Impact of the implementation of ICD-10 2016 version and Iris software on mortality statistics in Italy].

Objectives: to assess the impact of coding causes of death with the ICD-10 2016 version and the software Iris on Italian official statistics on mortality.

Design: coding of a sample of death certificates with two different coding systems (bridge coding).

Setting And Participants: a sample of 63,525 deaths occurred throughout 2015 among people aged over one year, already coded using the ICD-10 2009 version and the Mortality Medical Data System (MMDS) software, was re-coded through the ICD-10 2016 version and the Iris software.

Identity and ranking of colonic mesenchymal stromal cells.

Although ongoing clinical trials utilize systemic administration of bone-marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) in Crohn's disease (CD), nothing is known about the presence and the function of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the normal human bowel. MSCs are bone marrow (BM) multipotent cells supporting hematopoiesis with the potential to differentiate into multiple skeletal phenotypes. A recently identified new marker, CD146, allowing to prospectively isolate MSCs from BM, renders also possible their identification in different tissues.