A Rare Case Report of Granular Cell Tumour of the Abdominal Wall and a Review of the Literature.

Granular cell tumours (GCTs) are rare soft tissue tumours of neural origin. They have been reported in multiple anatomical sites. However, only 14 cases worldwide have been reported arising from the abdominal wall.

Outcomes of the overweight and obese major trauma patient in the rural setting.

Purpose: Overweight and obese patients are more prevalent in rural and remote areas and are of major public health concern in Australia. We aimed to evaluate the mortality and morbidity of overweight and obese trauma patients in the rural Australian context.

Method: This was a retrospective cohort study on 207 major trauma patients (injury severity score [ISS] > 12) treated at the Mackay Base Hospital between 2018 and 2021.

Urgent Repair of a 17.3 cm Inflammatory Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.

We describe a case of delayed presentation of a very large infra-renal inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm. This case highlights the importance of early detection and surveillance of aneurysms in rural communities. Definitive management of symptomatic aneurysms is time critical, and any delay such as for the transfer of patients from a rural site can impact patient survival.

Modulation of endothelial cell thrombomodulin by PPAR ligands--variation according to environment.

Introduction: Thrombomodulin (TM) is an important anti-coagulant protein that is down-regulated on endothelial cells overlying atherosclerotic plaques. We investigated the effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligands, fenofibrate and rosiglitazone, on the expression of TM ex vivo by advanced carotid atheromas, and in vitro by endothelial cells.

Methods: Adjacent carotid atheroma biopsies were incubated in vehicle control or PPAR ligand in explant culture for 4 days.

Osteoprotegerin upregulates endothelial cell adhesion molecule response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha associated with induction of angiopoietin-2.

Objective: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteopontin (OPN) have been identified within unstable atherosclerosis and circulating concentrates have been linked to cardiovascular events. We studied the influence of OPG and OPN on endothelial adhesion molecule expression and monocyte binding.

Methods: Resting or tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) activated human endothelial cells were incubated with OPG (0, 0.

Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands in modulating tissue factor and tissue factor pathway inhibitor in acutely symptomatic carotid atheromas.

Background And Purpose: Severely stenotic, symptomatic carotid atheromas are associated with a high risk of stroke in the short term. Although carotid endarterectomy is effective in reducing this stroke risk, it is frequently not applied within the time window for significant benefit. We investigated the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) -alpha and -gamma ligands in acutely modifying tissue factor (TF) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) in unstable carotid atheromas.

Osteoprotegerin and osteopontin are expressed at high concentrations within symptomatic carotid atherosclerosis.

Background And Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the concentration of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL), and osteopontin (OPN) in stable (asymptomatic) and unstable (symptomatic) carotid atherosclerosis. In addition, we were interested in the effect of angiotensin II blockade on the secretion of these proteins by unstable atherosclerosis.

Methods: Endarterectomy samples removed from patients with recent (within 6 weeks) or no previous focal neurological symptoms were assessed by immunohistochemistry, Western analysis, and explant culture.