Gene-lifestyle interaction on risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review.

The pathophysiological influence of gene-lifestyle interactions on the risk to develop type 2 diabetes (T2D) is currently under intensive research. This systematic review summarizes the evidence for gene-lifestyle interactions regarding T2D incidence. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were systematically searched until 31 January 2019 to identify publication with (a) prospective study design; (b) T2D incidence; (c) gene-diet, gene-physical activity, and gene-weight loss intervention interaction; and (d) population who are healthy or prediabetic.

Intake of cocoa products and risk of type-2 diabetes: the multiethnic cohort.

Background/objectives: As cocoa products may be protective against chronic disease due to their polyphenol content, the current study determined the association of chocolate consumption and flavanol intake with type-2 diabetes (T2D) incidence in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study.

Subjects/methods: The analysis included 151,691 participants of Native Hawaiian, Japanese American, Latino, African American, and white ancestry with 8487 incident T2D cases after 7.8 ± 3.

Low diet quality and the risk of stroke mortality: the multiethnic cohort study.

Background/objectives: Several diets, e.g., those low in fruits/vegetables, high in sodium, and red/processed meat, have been related to a higher stroke risk.

Sleep duration and incidence of type 2 diabetes: the Multiethnic Cohort.

Objectives: As an emerging risk factor for the rising incidence of type 2 diabetes, we examined sleep duration in relation to type 2 diabetes and several biomarkers.

Design: Prospective cohort recruited 1993-1996.

Setting: The Multiethnic Cohort in Hawaii and California.

A priori-defined diet quality indices, biomarkers and risk for type 2 diabetes in five ethnic groups: the Multiethnic Cohort.

Dietary indices have been related to risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) predominantly in white populations. The present study evaluated this association in the ethnically diverse Multiethnic Cohort and examined four diet quality indices in relation to T2D risk, homoeostatic model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and biomarkers of dyslipidaemia, inflammation and adipokines. The T2D analysis included 166 550 white, African American, Native Hawaiian, Japanese American and Latino participants (9200 incident T2D cases).

Diet Quality in Midadulthood Predicts Visceral Adiposity and Liver Fatness in Older Ages: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Objective: The relationship of diet quality assessed by established indices (HEI-2010, AHEI-2010, aMED, DASH) with adiposity measures was examined, especially visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL).

Methods: Close to 2,000 participants of the Multiethnic Cohort completed validated food frequency questionnaires at cohort entry (1993-1996) and clinic visit (2013-2016) when they underwent whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging scans. Linear regression was used to estimate mean values of adiposity measures by dietary index tertiles at baseline and standardized regression coefficients (β ) after adjusting for total adiposity and other covariates.

Type II Diabetes, Obesity, and Breast Cancer Risk: The Multiethnic Cohort.

Obesity has been more consistently associated with breast cancer than type II diabetes. This analysis examined the combination of the two factors in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC). Women ages 45-75 years entered the MEC in 1993-1996 by completing a questionnaire.

Among 4 Diet Quality Indexes, Only the Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score Is Associated with Better Colorectal Cancer Survival and Only in African American Women in the Multiethnic Cohort.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, with a 5-y survival rate of ∼65%. Therefore, the identification of modifiable health factors to improve CRC survival is crucial.

Objective: We investigated the association of 4 prediagnostic a priori diet quality indexes with CRC-specific and all-cause mortality in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC).

Associations of Erythrocyte Fatty Acids in the De Novo Lipogenesis Pathway with Proxies of Liver Fat Accumulation in the EPIC-Potsdam Study.

Background: Biomarker fatty acids (FAs) reflecting de novo lipogenesis (DNL) are strongly linked to the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Liver fat accumulation could mediate this relation. There is very limited data from human population-based studies that have examined this relation.

Evaluation of various biomarkers as potential mediators of the association between Δ5 desaturase, Δ6 desaturase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity and incident type 2 diabetes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam Study.

Background: An association between desaturase activity and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been found in epidemiologic studies, but little is known about potential mediators of this association.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the potential role of diabetes-related biomarkers as mediators of the association between estimated Δ5 desaturase (D5D), Δ6 desaturase (D6D), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity and T2D risk.

Design: We analyzed a case-cohort study (subcohort: n = 1533; verified incident T2D cases: n = 400), nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam Study involving 27,548 middle-aged participants.

Amino acids, lipid metabolites, and ferritin as potential mediators linking red meat consumption to type 2 diabetes.

Background: Habitual red meat consumption was consistently related to a higher risk of type 2 diabetes in observational studies. Potentially underlying mechanisms are unclear.

Objective: This study aimed to identify blood metabolites that possibly relate red meat consumption to the occurrence of type 2 diabetes.

Association between the Fatty Liver Index and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in the EPIC-Potsdam Study.

The fatty liver index (FLI) predicts fatty liver by using BMI, waist circumference, γ-glutamyltransferase and triglycerides. We investigated the association between the FLI and the risk of type 2 diabetes and evaluated to what extent single FLI components contribute to the diabetes risk. We analysed a case-cohort study (random sub-cohort: 1922; incident cases: 563) nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam study.

Erythrocyte membrane fatty acid fluidity and risk of type 2 diabetes in the EPIC-Potsdam study.

Aims/hypothesis: The fluidity of cell membranes has been hypothesised as an important link in the association of fatty acids (FAs) with diabetes risk. The lipophilic index, which can be derived from the FA profile of blood or tissues, has recently been proposed as a novel measure of cell membrane FA fluidity. In this study we aimed to evaluate the lipophilic index in relation to the incidence of type 2 diabetes.

A priori-defined diet quality indexes and risk of type 2 diabetes: the Multiethnic Cohort.

Aims/hypothesis: Dietary patterns have been associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes, but little is known about the impact of ethnicity on this relationship. This study evaluated the association between four a priori dietary quality indexes and risk of type 2 diabetes among white individuals, Japanese-Americans and Native Hawaiians in the Hawaii component of the Multiethnic Cohort.

Methods: After excluding participants with prevalent diabetes and missing values, the analysis included 89,185 participants (11,217 cases of type 2 diabetes).

Disparity in diabetes risk across Native Hawaiians and different Asian groups: the multiethnic cohort.

We evaluated the impact of body mass index (BMI) and lifestyle risk factors on ethnic disparity in diabetes incidence among 89 198 Asian, Native Hawaiian, and white participants of the Multiethnic Cohort who completed multiple questionnaires. After 12 years of follow-up, 11 218 new cases were identified through self-report and health plan linkages. BMI was lowest in Chinese/Koreans, Japanese, and Filipinos (22.

Evaluation of various biomarkers as potential mediators of the association between coffee consumption and incident type 2 diabetes in the EPIC-Potsdam Study.

Background: The inverse association between coffee consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is well established; however, little is known about potential mediators of this association.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between coffee consumption and diabetes-related biomarkers and their potential role as mediators of the association between coffee consumption and T2D.

Design: We analyzed a case-cohort study (subcohort: n = 1610; verified incident T2D cases: n = 417) nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam study involving 27,548 middle-aged participants.

Characterization and evaluation of β-glucan formulations as injectable implants for protein and peptide delivery.

Context: Injectable implants are biodegradable, syringeable formulations that are injected as liquids, but form a gel inside the body due to a change in pH, ions or temperature.

Objective: To investigate the effect of polymer concentration, pH, ions and temperature on the gel formation of β-glucan, a natural cell-wall polysaccharide derived from barley, with particular emphasis on two-phase system formation after addition of dextran or PEG.

Materials And Methods: Oscillation viscometry was used to evaluate the gel character by measuring flow index (N), storage (G') and loss (G") moduli.