Mandibuloacral dysplasia with type B lipodystrophy in a patient from Chile.

We report the first case of mandibuloacral dysplasia with type B lipodystrophy (MADB) in Chile, South America. MADB is a very rare illness, characterized by short stature, mandibular hypoplasia, acro-osteolysis in hands, feet and clavicles, lipodystrophy, changes in skin pigments and skin calcinosis at knees and hands. Diagnosis was confirmed by molecular study that showed two compound heterozygous variants in ZMPSTE24 gene, c.

Kusomoto Ine, the 1st woman-doctor in Japan.

Kusumoto Ine was the first woman to practice Western medicine in Japan. Born in 1827, she will live at a turning point in the history of the country: the end of the Edo period (1600-1868) and the beginning of the Meiji period (1868-1912). Her birth, as mysterious and romantic as the-rest of her existence, has unleashed the imagination of writers, feuilleton, Japanese manga artists, so much so that - in the burgeoning romances more or less vapid who made her today a popular heroine - the search for authentic life data is sometimes difficult.

[Three female physicians of the Montpellier faculty at the turn of the 19th century].

As a part of a study on the census of female students listed in medicine at the faculty of Montpellier since it opened to women in 1868 until the end of the Third Republic, we selected three women who passed their thesis respectively in 1899, 1905 and 1911. Thanks to the documents found in the archives, and the testimony of their descendants, we were able to trace their biography. In obstetrics, surgery and orthopaedics, they were exceptional pioneers and set an example for new vocations.

[Jacques Monod: some unpublished pages of his life].

The friendship and affinity of thought between Albert Camus and Jacques Monod were little highlighted in France. A book published in the U.S.

[Sixty years of HeLa cell cultures].

HeLa cells line was established in 1951 from cervical cancer cells taken from a young AfroAmerican patient, Henrietta Lacks, used without the permission of the family. Finally, in 2013, an agreement was established between the family and NIH: for any study, authorization is needed, first referred to a working group comprising scientists, ethicists and two members of the family.

[Story of the tomato through its genome].

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a model for fruit development. The tomato history has origins traced back to the early Aztecs. It was not until around the 16(th) century that Europeans were introduced to this fruit, but only as ornamental plant since it was related to nightshade belladona.

[Greatness and tribulations of Zeiss and Leitz, two famous German optic companies III. Zeiss Ikon and elimination of Emanuel Goldberg].

Gathering archival documents to trace the history of the Zeiss company presents no difficulty : they are abundant… except for a period from 1932 to 1945, systematically ignored, and that corresponds to the Nazi period. On the website Zeiss Historica, among the outstanding personalities of the Zeiss company, we note that, for Professor Emanuel Goldberg, the web page « is still under development but an early picture of the professor is available. ».

[Greatness and tribulations of two German optic companies - II. The Leitz company].

A parallel is drawn between the histories of the two most famous German optic companies. Born in the middle of the 19th century, Zeiss and Leitz went through National Socialism. But their histories are very different.

[Greatness and tribulations of Zeiss and Leitz, two famous German optic companies - I. Zeiss].

In a series of three articles, a parallel is drawn between the histories of the two most famous German optic companies, Zeiss and Leitz. Born in the middle of the 19th century, Zeiss went through National Socialism, World War II, partition and reunification of Germany. Archive documents abound, but a careful analysis is necessary to understand or guess the part played by the main actors, as Ernst Abbe, brilliant German physicist, or Küppenbender who eclipsed Emanuel Goldberg, a pioneer in information storage and retrieval.

[Requiem for Henrietta].

Fifty years after Henrietta Lacks died of aggressive glandular cervical cancer, the first cell line - HeLa cell line - is the workhorse of laboratories everywhere. It helped to produce drugs for numerous diseases, including poliomyelitis, Parkinson's, leukemias. But they are so outrageously robust that they contaminated hundred of other cell lines, as far away as Russia.

[Ardipithecus ramidus, another link in the Descent of Man].

An international team of paleontologists reports in Science an early hominid species, Ardipithecus ramidus and its environment. The features are shared by Sahelanthropus tchadensis, and these similarities confirm that Sahelanthropus is not an extinct ape. They help us bridge the more recent part of human evolution with the early human fossils and older ape fossils.

[Japanese demography: paradoxes and perspectives].

Japan is one of the most densely-populated countries with a population estimated at 127.4 millions and an average density of 337 persons per square kilometer. But the National Institute of Population and Social Security Research is concerned: since 1950, the total fertility rate is declining and some pessimistic projections predict the japanese population extinction to 3000.

[Unambiguous identification of the remains of the Romanov family].

The human remains found in 1991 and in 2007 in Ekaterinburg (Russia) are identified as those of the Romanov imperial family. An accurate genomic analysis unambiguously documents this assertion.