Mitigation of chemotherapy-induced experimental intestinal mucositis through postbiotic lactate.

Postbiotic lactate modulates the immune system in inflammatory bowel diseases. However, its role in experimental intestinal mucositis (IM) has not been elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of lactate supplementation (1 and 2 × 10-1 mol/l) in a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced IM model.

Blunted inflammatory response is associated with a lower response to a weight loss dietary intervention in liver recipients.

Background & Aims: Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, and adipose tissue inflammation is required for fatty tissue remodeling. Interestingly, immunosuppressed patients, as liver transplant recipients, often experience excessive weight gain. We investigated how liver recipients' inflammatory response affects body weight loss induced by dietary treatment.

Association of Fructo-oligosaccharides and Arginine Improves Severity of Mucositis and Modulate the Intestinal Microbiota.

Mucositis is defined as inflammatory and ulcerative lesions along of the gastrointestinal tract that leads to the imbalance of the intestinal microbiota. The use of compounds with action on the integrity of the intestinal epithelium and their microbiota may be a beneficial alternative for the prevention and/or treatment of mucositis. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the association of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and arginine on intestinal damage in experimental mucositis.

Acute intake of fructooligosaccharide and partially hydrolyzed guar gum on gastrointestinal transit: A randomized crossover clinical trial.

Objectives: Dietary fibers, such as fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) have several gastrointestinal functions. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of acute ingestion of FOS and PHGG on the percentage of gastric emptying and small intestinal transit and to evaluate the effect of these dietary fibers on the levels of intestinal hormones-active glucagon-like peptide-1, pancreatic polypeptide, and gastric inhibitory peptide-and their effect on feelings of hunger and satiety and the desire to eat.

Methods: In this crossover, randomized controlled clinical trial, we compared the effects of these two fibers on gastrointestinal transit.

Non-pharmacologic strategies for the management of intestinal inflammation.

Inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, and mucositis are characterized by intestinal inflammation, but vary according to their pathological mechanisms, severity, location, and etiology. Significant intestinal inflammation that occurs in these diseases induces weight loss, nutritional depletion, and gastrointestinal tract dysfunction. Nutritional support is important in alleviating symptoms and improving patients' quality of life.

SHORT-TERM EFFECT OF WHEY PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WAITING FOR LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: A DOUBLE BLINDED RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL.

Background: Chronic liver disease is associated with malnutrition that negatively impacts a patient's health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Aim: To evaluate the short-term effect of whey protein supplementation on the HRQoL and nutritional and functional status of patients waiting for liver transplantation.

Methods: This was a double-blind randomized clinical trial with patients waiting for liver transplantation who were randomized into two groups: WP (whey protein supplementation) and the control (casein supplementation).

Critical analysis of factors affecting the efficiency of nutrition therapy teams.

Background: Nutrition therapy (NT), defined as the provision of oral, enteral, or parenteral nutrition, should be considered a part of the holistic approach to patient care, while quality assessment of its practices is crucial. The present study aimed to identify variables capable of explaining the reason behind compliance of NTTs with the regulatory requirements.

Methods: A cross-sectional study focused on assessing the quality of nutritional therapy practices among NTTs who previously stated to be able to comply with requirements of the Brazilian law versus those who were not able to meet these demands.

Prophylactic and therapeutic supplementation using fructo-oligosaccharide improves the intestinal homeostasis after mucositis induced by 5- fluorouracil.

The beneficial effects of prebiotic, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), in intestinal inflammation have been demonstrated in several studies. Herein, we evaluate whether joint treatment with FOS, both before and during mucositis, had additional beneficial effects and investigated the mechanisms underlying in the action of FOS on the intestinal barrier. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: CTR (without mucositis + saline solution), FOS (without mucositis + 6 % FOS), MUC (mucositis + saline solution), PT (mucositis + 6 % FOS supplementation before disease induction), and TT (mucositis + 6 % FOS supplementation before and during disease induction).

Malnutrition is associated with poor health-related quality of life in surgical patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between preoperative nutritional status and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with gastrointestinal cancer who were admitted for elective surgical treatment.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which patients with a diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancer were evaluated before a surgical procedure. The nutritional assessment included subjective global assessment (SGA) and measurements of weight loss percentage, bioelectrical impedance, and functional capacity.

Preoperative and Postoperative Resting Energy Expenditure of Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Operations.

Background: Nutrition therapy plays a major role in the perioperative management of surgical patients. Understanding energy metabolism and correctly establishing the adequate energy needs is a crucial step to provide optimal nutrition care. The aim of this study was to assess the resting energy expenditure (REE) after major abdominal procedures and its associated factors.

Treatment with selenium-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFMG A-905 partially ameliorates mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil in mice.

Purpose: Gastrointestinal mucositis is a major problem associated with cancer therapy. To minimize these deleterious effects, simultaneous administration of antioxidant components, such as selenium, can be considered. There is a growing interest in the use of yeasts because they are able to convert inorganic selenium into selenomethionine.

Hypometabolism as a potential risk factor for overweight and obesity in liver recipients.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to identify whether overweight liver recipients are hypometabolic.

Methods: Liver transplantation (LT) recipients (n = 20), who were 18 to 65 y of age, had a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m, and were 1 to 3 y post-transplant. They were matched with healthy controls in terms of sex, age, BMI, and body composition.

Association Between Standardized Phase Angle, Nutrition Status, and Clinical Outcomes in Surgical Cancer Patients.

Background: Different nutrition assessment tools in surgical cancer patients are used in clinical practice, which results in different prevalence rates of malnutrition. This may impact the interpretation of the association between nutrition status and clinical outcomes. Reduced standardized phase angle (SPA) values are associated with adverse outcomes in patients with cancer.

Postoperative symbiotic in patients with head and neck cancer: a double-blind randomised trial.

Studies on the 'gut origin of sepsis' have suggested that stressful insults, such as surgery, can affect intestinal permeability, leading to bacterial translocation. Symbiotics have been reported to be able to improve gut permeability and modulate the immunologic system, thereby decreasing postoperative complications. Therefore we aimed to evaluate the postoperative use of symbiotics in head and neck cancer surgical patients for intestinal function and permeability, as well as the postoperative outcomes.

Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid-enriched Butter After 24 hours of Intestinal Mucositis Induction.

Mucositis is the most common side effect due to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. It refers to the inflammation of intestinal mucous membranes, and it is associated with complications such as diarrhea, weight loss, and increased intestinal permeability (IP). This study was designed to evaluate the effect of diet containing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-enriched butter on intestinal damage and inflammatory response after 24 h of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced mucositis.

Fiber, prebiotics, and diarrhea: what, why, when and how.

Purpose Of Review: Dietary fiber and prebiotics have been the focus of research and discussion for decades, but there are still pending concepts and definitions, in particular when addressing their use in the prevention and treatment of diarrhea. The purpose of this review is to present the latest advances in the understanding of dietary fiber and prebiotics, to review their proven role in the management of diarrhea, and to postulate the best timings and optimal doses.

Recent Findings: The use of prebiotics has encompassed not only prevention but also the treatment of distinct types of diarrhea, at different treatment moments, and with regard to various different markers of outcome.

Dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acid attenuates 5-fluorouracil induced mucositis in mice.

Background: Studies showed the positive effects of omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease as it alleviated the symptoms and promoted better mucosal integrity. The objective of this study was to determine whether a diet with the addition of n-3 FA helps control the inflammation observed in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) induced mucositis.

Methods: BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups as follows: 1: control (CTL), fed a standard chow diet; 2: CTL + n-3 FA - n-3 FA, fed a diet with n-3; 3: mucositis (MUC), fed a standard chow diet and subjected to mucositis; and 4: MUC+ n-3 FA, fed a diet with n-3 FA and subjected to mucositis.

Functional status and heart rate variability in end-stage liver disease patients: association with nutritional status.

Objectives: Muscle dysfunction and reduced heart rate variability (HRV) are common in patients with advanced liver disease, and both are related to poor outcomes. Malnutrition is also highly prevalent in these patients, however, the association between the malnutrition and HRV has not yet been assessed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term HRV, functional and nutritional statuses in patients with advanced liver disease.

L-arginine pretreatment reduces intestinal mucositis as induced by 5-FU in mice.

Beneficial effects of L-arginine on immune responses and bowel function have been reported. Mucositis is a side effect of chemotherapy treatment that affects approximately 40% of patients. This complication is characterized by inflammation that affects the gastrointestinal tract, increasing permeability and causing abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, which worsen the patient's nutritional status and increases morbimortality.

The role of immunomodulators on intestinal barrier homeostasis in experimental models.

The intestinal epithelium is composed of specialized epithelial cells that form a physical and biochemical barrier to commensal and pathogenic microorganisms. However, dysregulation of the epithelial barrier function can lead to increased intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation across the intestinal mucosa, which contributes to local and systemic immune activation. The increase in these parameters is associated with inflammatory bowel disease, physical exercise under heat stress, intestinal obstruction, ischemia, and mucositis, among other conditions.

Pretreatment With L-Citrulline Positively Affects the Mucosal Architecture and Permeability of the Small Intestine in a Murine Mucositis Model.

Background: Mucositis is a common complication in patients undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy. It is associated with pain, poor quality of life, and malnutrition, leading to an increased number of hospital admissions and prolonged hospitalization. The use of immunonutrients may be an alternative treatment option, which may help to improve patient outcome.